Estimation of seismic stress drop from the peak velocity of ground motion

ＥｓｔｉｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｄｒｏｐｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｅａｋｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙｏｆｇｒｏｕｎｄｍｏｔｉｏｎＪＩＡＺＨＥＮＧＱＩＮ（秦嘉政）ＺＵＹＩＮＬＩＵ（刘祖荫）ＸＩＡＯＤＯＮＧＱＩＡＮ（钱晓东）ＱＩＮＧＹＩＮＸＩＥ（谢庆...     

3S——应用领域十分广泛的高新技术

遥感（ＲＳ）、地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）和全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）统简３Ｓ，是近年来发展迅猛、应用广泛的高新技术。本文介绍了应用遥感技术对黄土高原信息系统的研究工作。阐述了支持区域规划与辅助决策的智能地理信息系统的数据模型和物理数据结构的设计与实现。说明了将ＧＰＳ与ＲＳ和ＧＩＳ组成的信息系统相结合，提高系统性能的方法     

当代世界汽车工业地域结构变化的新趋向

汽车工业是世界最重要的产业部门之一，其发展已近一个世纪，并始终处于不断创新、发展壮大的进程中，被视为“朝阳产业”。本文在回顾汽车工业发展历史的基础上，从宏观的角度着重分析了当代汽车生产的三足鼎立局面，以及跨国生产及战略东移的新趋向。     

3DF GPS接收机测定姿态角的原理

本文论述3DF GPS接收机测定姿态角的原理。内容包括接收机的基本结构、测定姿态角的原理、误差源和精度分析。初期结果表明,测定姿态角的精度约为0.02°—0.05°。     

冬季风爆发前西伯利亚高压的演变

本文是一次个例的诊断分析,应用FGGE-Ⅲ_b资料分析了1979年11月12—17日的东亚寒潮过程,着重讨论冷空气爆发前,位于两伯利亚的冷堆的增强过程,运用准拉格朗日坐标系的热量方程和涡度方程诊断了500hPa冷中心的温度变化和地面冷高压上空涡度演变的物理过程,分析结果说明,冷堆的增强与高空槽后急流中心前方出口附近的侧向环流有密切关系,开始时500hPa冷中心就位于此侧向环流的上升支附近,绝热冷却是冷堆加强的主要因子,即动力因子是主要的,冷高压上空的涡度变化与相对的涡度平流关系密切,它也与高空急流的相对位置有关,在地面高压加强的后期,散度项和平流项对于温度变化的贡献相反,但它们的垂直分布都有利于下沉运动加剧.因此,在分析预报中要密切注意忽流的动态. 本文的分析结果将有助于进一步理解冷空气增强的物理机制,也为寒潮过程的分析预报提供一定的参考.     

海南岛,台湾岛河流水化学比较研究

本文对我国两大岛屿——海南岛和台湾岛河流的主要离子化学及河流的物理和化学侵蚀率进行了比较研究,对两岛河流水化学的共同点和差异及其成因进行了探讨。研究表明,无论是河水离子总量,还是物理侵蚀率和化学侵蚀率,台湾岛均显著地高于海南岛。两岛河水中氯离子含量、物理侵蚀率和化学侵蚀率均为东部水系高于西部水系。     

一种新的正定平流方案及其在水汽预报方程中的应用

本文在Smolarkiewicz(1983)方案的基础上,提出了一种新的正定平流方案。它是无条件计算稳定的,形式简单、物理意义清楚且阻尼小,能够很容易地应用到多维模式中。文中通过一简单的平流试验,与其它几种有名的正定平流方案进行了比较;最后将这种方案应用到国家气象中心细网格有限区域业务预报模式水汽预报方程中,避免了原水汽计算方案产生严重负水汽的问题,并对24h降水预报场进行分析。     

Field Sampling of Residual Aviation Gasoline in Sandy Soil

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.     

工程经济分析在地下水系统规划中的应用

阐述了在地下水系统规划研究中引进工程经济分析观点的重要性和迫切性;系统地介绍了工程经济分析的理论和方法,以喀什市地下水系统规划为例,探讨了工程经济分析在地下水系统规划中的应用。     

An Experimental Melting—crystallization Study on Basalt at High Pressures

A series of melting-crystallization experiments on alkali basalt samples from Minqing, Fujian Province was carried out in dry and waterbearing systems at high pressures. A high-pressure melting curve was obtained. The results indicate that clinopyroxene crystallized from basalt melt at 13.5–23.7 kbar. spinel at 23.7–28.6 kbar and garnet at > 28.6 kbar. With increasing pressure, the CaSiO₃ contents of clinopyroxenes increase; and the FeSiO₃ decreases, but the chemical composition of garnet does not show any significant difference. The minerals are larger and euhedral in the water-bearing system. Therefore, we consider that natural megacrysts of the basalt can crystallize from the water-bearing basalt magma at high pressure. So the megacrysts may be derived from the upper mantle as a result of magmatic crystallization-fractionation under high pressure. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.