Arctic Climate Changes Based on Historical Simulations (1900‒2013) with the CAMS-CSM

The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Climate System Model (CAMS-CSM) is a newly developed global climate model that will participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6. Based on historical simulations (1900?2013), we evaluate the model performance in simulating the observed characteristics of the Arctic climate system, which includes air temperature, precipitation, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), ocean temperature/salinity, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), snow cover, and sea ice. The model?data comparisons indicate that the CAMS-CSM reproduces spatial patterns of climatological mean air temperature over the Arctic (60°?90°N) and a rapid warming trend from 1979 to 2013. However, the warming trend is overestimated south of the Arctic Circle, implying a subdued Arctic amplification. The distribution of climatological precipitation in the Arctic is broadly captured in the model, whereas it shows limited skills in depicting the overall increasing trend. The AO can be reproduced by the CAMS-CSM in terms of reasonable patterns and variability. Regarding the ocean simulation, the model underestimates the AMOC and zonally averaged ocean temperatures and salinity above a depth of 500 m, and it fails to reproduce the observed increasing trend in the upper ocean heat content in the Arctic. The large-scale distribution of the snow cover extent (SCE) in the Northern Hemisphere and the overall decreasing trend in the spring SCE are captured by the CAMS-CSM, while the biased magnitudes exist. Due to the underestimation of the AMOC and the poor quantification of air–sea interaction, the CAMS-CSM overestimates regional sea ice and underestimates the observed decreasing trend in Arctic sea–ice area in September. Overall, the CAMS-CSM reproduces a climatological distribution of the Arctic climate system and general trends from 1979 to 2013 compared with the observations, but it shows limited skills in modeling local trends and interannual variability.     

2011年初湖南暴雪过程的成因和数值模拟分析

利用多种观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2011年1月1720日湖南一次大范围暴雪过程进行了诊断分析,并使用WRF模式对其云微物理特征及降水相态转换机制进行数值模拟,旨在探讨本次强雨雪过程降水相态变化和暴雪形成及其发展成因。结果表明：乌拉尔山前部南下的冷空气与来自孟加拉湾及南海的暖湿气流在湖南长时间交汇产生锋生强迫,在静止锋区上界形成强辐合上升运动,是湖南大范围暴雪天气持续的主要原因;强烈的上升运动和持续的水汽辐合为本次暴雪过程提供了动力、水汽条件,“冷空气楔”上爬升的暖湿气流维持时间较长,是持续性大范围暴雪产生的重要热力条件;WRF模式能较好地模拟降雪量级及强降雪落区。雪粒子的产生和发展不仅与液水比含量大小有关,还与其上空冰晶的含量及分布密切相关,雪的凝华增长、冰晶向雪的自动转化和雨水与雪碰并成雪可能是本次降雪发生、发展最主要的物理过程,冰雪粒子大值中心及强上升运动区对预报强降雪带位置有较好的指示作用。     

屋盖悬挑端加固减振试验研究

大跨网架屋盖挑檐部分风致响应较大,提出附加杆件、粘弹性阻尼器及粘滞阻尼器三种加固减振方法。设计制作正置四角锥体单元空间网架足尺子结构试验模型,基于带悬挑平屋盖风压分布风洞试验数据,对三种加固足尺子结构试验模型进行不同风向角下风荷载时程的加载。分析结构风致加速度与位移响应,结果表明:附加杆件加固后网架刚度增大,加速度响应增大,位移响应减小;附加粘弹性阻尼器,结构加速度与位移响应均降低;附加粘滞阻尼器,结构加速度响应减小,位移减小效果不明显。     

试解页岩气储层随钻评价关键参数

基于致密砂岩、碳酸盐岩油气层录井随钻评价方法,以及最新页岩气录井研究成果,给出了页岩气储层随钻评价关键参数的测量方法与评价标准、解释交会图,并结合在中上扬子地台川东褶皱带石柱复向斜钻探成功的J111井实钻资料进行了分析和探讨,为大家进行页岩气、致密砂岩气、致密碳酸盐岩气解释研究提供了有益的参考。     

涡北河网区三维地震采集技术

涡北勘探区属于河网地带,难以进行正常的地震施工。为此,本文提出了一种以规则束状观测为基础和特殊观测系统相结合的数据采集方法。该方法适应了这种复杂的地表条件,获得了"空白区"的地震资料,为今后类似地表条件地区的三维地震勘探提供了经验。      

滇东北DD1井五峰组—龙马溪组地层界线划分及沉积环境演变

DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩,笔石化石缺乏,也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层,O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定.微量、稀土元素分析表明,粉砂质泥岩中部(1288.3 m)的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰,该处∑REE含量显著高于上下...     

地下水与地表水水量交换识别及交换量计算——以新汴河宿州段为例

为提高地下水与地表水交换量计算结果的准确性,本文利用水力联系、水头差、水温、氡-222、氢氧稳定同位素构建综合识别方法(HHTRO),对新汴河宿州段地下水与地表水水量交换进行识别,并计算交换量。计算结果表明：研究河段单位河长地表水补给地下水的水量变化范围为8.69～366.82 m³/(d·m),地下水补给地表水的水量变化范围为0.72～120.90 m³/(d·m);研究河段左岸为地下水补给地表水,单位河长净补给量为45.26 m³/(d·m);河段右岸为地表水补给地下水,单位河长净补给量为214.33 m³/(d·m);研究河段地下水与地表水水量交换以地表水补给地下水为主,地表水补给地下水的比例为55.14%。本研究可推动地下水与地表水交换量计算方法的发展,为流域或区域水资源评价提供必要的理论方法。     

中亚热带人工经济林土壤有机碳含量及分布

人工经济林在中国南方种植面积大,并有不断增加的趋势.人工经济林生态系统受人为周期性经营活动影响比较大,是重要的流动性碳库.因此,选择福建省建瓯市万木林自然保护区内本地条件基本一致的毛竹(Phyllostachys heterocycla)、柑橘(Citrus reticulata Blanco)和锥栗(Castanea henryi)作为研究对象,探讨其土壤有机碳含量及其垂直分布特征,结果表明:3种林地土壤剖面有机碳含量的变化范围分别为毛竹林5.91～19.18 g.kg-1、柑橘5.70～13.31g.kg-1、锥栗3.84～10.78 g.kg-1,3种林地土壤有机碳含量随着深度的增加呈现递减趋势;3种林地0～20 cm、20～40 cm层土壤有机碳含量与40～60 cm、60～80 cm、80～100 cm各层均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);3种林地间土壤有机碳储量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05);使用对数方程对3种林地土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度的变化进行拟合均达到显著水平(P<0.05);土壤有机碳含量与土壤全N、C/N比之间存在一定的相关性,特别是3种林地土壤有机碳含量均与土壤全N含量的相关性最好(...     

青藏高原积雪和季节冻融层的突变特征及其对中国降水的影响

利用青藏高原气象台站观测的积雪和冻土资料,建立了高原积雪和季节冻融层1965—2004年的变化序列,通过滑动T平均、M-K检验、动力学分割算法(BG算法)等方法检验出高原积雪没有发生明显的突变过程,而高原季节冻融层在1987年前后有一次明显的突变,冻结深度减少比较显著.当高原积雪偏少时,华南和西南降水偏多,而当高原冻结较厚时,全国的降水几乎都偏少.通过计算高原积雪和季节冻融层与全国夏季降水的单因子相关和复相关发现,积雪和季节性冻土对中国夏季降水都有一定的可预测性,但是如果共同考虑两个因子的影响,则能够提高夏季降水预测的准确率.考虑两个因子的共同影响,有3个明显的相关带,分别是北部沿大兴安岭经太行山北部到陕北最后到河西走廊,中部在长江中下游地区,南部则是沿武夷山经南岭到云贵高原中部.     

Comparative Planetary Space Physics

It has been 60 years since the space physics as new branch of geophysics started to grow in 1957 when the space age was opened by a small satellite called sputnik. The knowledge of Earth and planetary space has been significantly extended and deepened, but the questions we are facing today are more challenging. A consensus reached is that we have to regard the Earth (planet) as an integrated system including all spheres from the inner core to the magnetosphere, and we should try to investigate some questions standing on the ground of interdisciplinary study, especially those questions related to Earth’s (planetary) evolution. Space environment as the outer part of a planetary system, commonly exists in all planets but also exhibits strong diversity. Here, we introduce the short history of basic ideas and methods of comparative study, the advantages on understanding of some issues of global scale, and the prospect from comparative perspective.