Major ion geochemistry of shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment, NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Conventional hydrochemical techniques and statistical analyses were applied to better understand the solute geochemistry and the hydrochemical process of shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Shallow groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment is slightly alkaline, and is characterized by a high ion concentrations and low water temperature. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in most of the samples are <1,000?mg/L, i.e. fresh water and depend mainly on the concentration of SO₄ ^2?, Cl^? and Na⁺. Groundwater table is influenced directly by the residents?? groundwater consumption. Most of the groundwaters in the Qinghai Lake catchment belong to the Ca²⁺(Na⁺) ?CHCO₃ ^? type, while the Qinghai Lake, part of the Buha (BHR) and the Lake Side (LS) samples belong to the Na⁺?CCl^? type. The groundwater is oversaturated with respect to aragonite, calcite and dolomite, but not to magnesite and gypsum. Solutes are mainly derived from strong evaporite dissolution in Daotang, BHR and LS samples and from strong carbonate weathering in Hargai and Shaliu samples. Carbonate weathering is stronger than evaporite dissolution with weak silicate weathering in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Carbonate weathering, ion exchange reaction and precipitation are the major hydrogeochemical processes responsible for the solutes in the groundwater in the Qinghai Lake catchment. Most of the shallow groundwaters are suitable for drinking. More attention should be paid to the potential pollution of nitrate, chloride and sulfide in shallow groundwater in the future.     

川东北地区三叠系聚盐成钾机制及富集模式

川东北地区三叠系发育巨厚的蒸发岩层,并赋存优质的深层富钾卤水.因构造沉积条件的整体差异,川东北富钾卤水的成因机制与富集规律未有详尽研究.以"气钾兼探"为指导思想,综合利用野外露头?岩心?测井等资料,对川东北地区三叠系蒸发岩分布规律以及岩相古地理演化进行分析,明确了膏盐盆在T1j4?5?T2l1期间规模逐渐缩小、向SW逐...     

利用几何网络提取河网径流节点的方法研究

本文分析了河网径流节点的基本特征及分类,论述了基于ArcGIS水文分析模块提取河网径流的方法,并在此基础上提出了基于几何网络提取河网径流节点的方法.该方法提取得到的径流节点,除能表达其位置信息外,属性表中还记录了径流节点类型、汇流等级情况信息.实例表明该方法原理简单,易于操作实现,提取效果与实际地貌情况基本相符,可以广...     

有限带宽信道条件下的Double-delta技术多径抑制性能分析及优化设计

以一种基于码跟踪多径误差包络的多径抑制性能评估准则为基础,首先根据Double-delta技术的基本原理,首次推导出了其在无限带宽时的码跟踪多径误差公式,并由此得出了Double-delta技术的理论性能计算公式;然后以数值计算的方法分析了不同信道带宽条件下Double-delta技术的多径抑制性能。仿真结果表明,当信...     

网络RTK在宁波机场快速路工程首级控制网测量中的应用

部分地区网络RTK推出已经数年,但是实际用于平面控制测量时,仍停留在一级精度,缺乏更高精度的实际应用。通过宁波机场快速路工程首级控制网测量中网络RTK技术的具体应用,探讨网络RTK技术在更高精度测量中广泛应用的可能性。     

增/删点后的Voronoi图构造法研究

论述了在原Voronoi图的基础上增加点和删去点后生成新Voronoi图的算法.在增点过程中,针对新增加点后不满足Delaunay三角网特性的情况,利用最大最小角规则进行局部优化,根据优化后的三角网生成新Voronoi图;在删点过程中,针对删点的不同位置情况,修改相应Voronoi域,生成新Voronoi图.     

Changes of P, Ca, Al and Fe contents in fringe marshes along a pedogenic chronosequence in the Pearl River estuary, South China

Soil and plant samples were collected in four fringe marsh zones (i.e., A, B, C and D zones) along a pedogenic chronosequence in the Pearl River estuary in the Spring of 2009. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed for P, Ca, Al and Fe in order to study the changes of nutrient contents, storages in soils and their bioavailabilities to wetland plants (e.g. Cyperus malaccensis) in four zones. Results showed that soil Ca increased with depth along soil profiles, while P, Al and Fe generally kept constant in soil profiles in four zones. Al and Fe contents in the top 10 cm soils showed significant decreases from D to A zone, while a significant increase in Ca contents (P<0.05). Significant increases along pedogenic chronosequence for P, Al and Fe at 30-40 cm soil horizons were also observed. Ca was mainly accumulated in plant aboveground parts; Al and Fe were accumulated in the belowground parts; while P was homogenously distributed among the tissues of C. malaccensis. C. malaccensis in D zone had lower Bio-concentration factors (BCFs) of P in the shoots and Al and Fe in the roots, and higher values of Ca in the shoots than those in older zones (P<0.05). Compared to Al and Fe, both Ca and P had relatively higher translocation capacities for C. malaccensis, while only lower TFs for P and higher values for Al and Fe in D zone were observed than those in A and B zones (P<0.05). Except for Al with no significant changes, the total BCFs for P and Fe showed an increasing trend with soil ages, while a decreasing trend for Ca. The total bio-storage factors (TBSFs) of P and Ca declined with the pedogenic time, whereas an increase for Fe. The results of this study can contribute to the wetland conservation and management in the Pearl River estuarine region.     

庐枞矿集区大地电磁探测及电性结构初探

在庐枞矿集区开展大地电磁测深(Magnetotelluric,MT)工作,有助于研究庐枞矿集区区域地质结构、构造,同时,对强干扰地区大地电磁下扰信号规律的研究和MT数据的处理与解释水平的提高有着重要的理论意义.论文首先阐述了庐枞盆地的地质概况及深部MT探测的研究现状,接着介绍了庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深数据采集及相关实验研...     

Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Wetland Soils from a Typical Aquatic–Terrestrial Ecotone in Haihe River Basin,North China

Surface soils were collected in the aquatic–terrestrial ecotone (ATE) of Yongnianwa wetland, downstream of Haihe River basin of North China in June of 2007. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique before they were analyzed for total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn to investigate their pollution levels in the ATE. The contamination index, integrated contamination index, geoaccumulation index, toxic units, and sum of toxic units were adopted to assess the heavy metal contamination levels and ecotoxicity, respectively. The results showed all the selected element concentrations in upland soils of the ecotone were relatively higher than those in the lowland soils. No Cr pollution was observed in all soil samples, but almost all samples were slightly polluted by Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn except for Site 1. The contamination indexes and geoaccumulation indexes consistently presented no contamination for Site 1 and slight contamination for other sites. The ΣTUs increased from lowland to upland, but the whole level of toxicity in this ecotone was relatively low.     

河西走廊地区A(b)值动态演化特征及在地震预测中的应用

采用A(b)值空间扫描方法对1980年以来河西走廊及其临近地区ML 2.3到ML 4.9地震资料进行了研究,统计分析了Ms 4.6以上地震前A(b)值异常情况,结果显示大多数Ms 4.6以上地震发生前的1-3年内,震中周围出现A(b)≥5.0的高值异常区域.R值检验结果为0.458.