Spatial and seasonal distributions of soil phosphorus in a typical seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta,China

Soil samples from 0 to 100 cm depth were collected in four sampling sites (Sites A, B, C and D) along a 250-m length of sampling zone from the Yellow River channel to a tidal creek in a seasonal flooding wetland of the Yellow River Delta of China in fall of 2007 and spring of 2008 to investigate spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of total phosphorous (TP) and available phosphorus (AP) and their influencing factors. Our results showed that TP contents in spring and AP contents in both seasons in surface soils increased with increasing distances away from the Yellow River channel. TP contents in surface soils (0–10 cm) followed the order Site A (698.6 mg/kg) > Site B (688.0 mg/kg) > Site C (638.8 mg/kg) > Site D (599.2 mg/kg) in fall, while Site C (699.6 mg/kg) > Site D (651.7 mg/kg) > Site B (593.6 mg/kg) > Site A (577.5 mg/kg) in spring. Generally, lower TP content (630.6 mg/kg) and higher AP level (6.2 mg/kg) in surface soils were observed in spring compared to fall (656.2 mg/kg for TP and 5.2 mg/kg for AP). Both TP and AP exhibited similar profile distribution patterns and decreased with depth along soil profiles with one or two accumulation peaks at the depth of 40–80 cm. Although the mean TP content in soil profiles was slightly higher in spring (635.7 mg/kg) than that in fall (628.0 mg/kg), the mean TP stock was obviously lower in spring (959.9 g/m²) with an obvious accumulation at the 60–80 cm soil depth compared to fall (1124.6 g/m²). Topsoil concentration factors also indicated that TP and AP had shallower distribution in soil profiles. Correlation analysis showed that AP had significant and positive correlation with these soil properties such as soil organic matter, salinity, total nitrogen and Al (p < 0.01), but TP was just significantly correlated with TN and Al (p < 0.05).     

山西义兴寨金矿床地球化学研究

晋东北地区以唐河大断裂为核心的一组早燕山期 NW向张剪性断裂与区域 NE向复向斜复合部位 ,控制着区内燕山期中酸性浅成侵入体及其与之有关的铁、金、铜矿化 ,义兴寨金矿是该地区具代表性的典型矿床。金矿床为热液型脉状金 -多金属矿床 ,矿体受岩体和断裂构造控制。金矿床分 4个成矿期 ,8个亚期。对金矿床的矿床地质特征、成矿流体成分、性质、成矿物理化学条件及成矿时代的研究表明 ,成矿溶液的 p H值为 6 .1 6～ 6 .5 3:Eh值为 -0 .2 81～-0 .2 80 ;lgf O2 =-3.6～ -2 9,lgf CO2 =4 .3～ 5 .2 ;成矿温度为 1 90～ 349℃ ;成矿压力为 2 0 .0～ 76 .0 MPa;矿床主成矿期石英的 40 Ar— 3 9Ar坪年龄为 ( 1 31 .4± 3.1 ) Ma。     

A simulation experimental study on oxidative kinetics of sphalerite under hypergene condition

The sphalerite oxidative kinetics under hypergene condition was simulated and studied by means of a mixed flow reactor over a pH range of 1.0 7.8,and at dissolution temperatures from 20 to 55℃,ferric ion concentrations from 1.0×10-5 to 1.0×10-2 mol/L,O 2 flux of 0.5 L/min,and oxidants of ferric ion and O 2.It is indicated that with ferric ion as oxidant,the oxidation rate of sphalerite increases with increasing ferric ion concentration,temperature and decreasing pH value,and under the studied conditions,the dissolution rates of Zn and Cd are approximately identical,with the values of activation energy being 41.75 and 42.51 kJ·mol-1,respectively,suggesting that the oxidation rate of sphalerite is controlled by chemical reactions on mineral surface.However,with O 2 as oxidant,the oxidation mechanism of sphalerite varies with pH value.Oxidation rate decreases with increasing pH value when pH is lower than 5.95,whereas the increase of pH value results in an increase in oxidation rate when pH value is higher than 7.The oxidation rate of sphalerite can be expressed as:R Zn =10 1.1663 [Fe3+] 0 0.154 ·[H+] 0.2659 ·e-41.75/RT or R Cd =10 1.7292 [Fe3+] 0 0.170 ·[H+] 0.2637 ·e-42.51/RT     

四川平武稀有金属花岗岩与绿柱石的成矿属性

通过对四川平武稀有金属花岗岩体的岩石地球化学特征的研究，阐述该区花岗岩与绿柱石的成矿关系。研究表明：平武花岗岩体造岩矿物组合为石英、钠长石、钾长石和白云母；岩石化学成分铝过饱和、富钠、富碱性，稀土元素含量很低，富含Be,W,Sn,Li,Ta,Rb等稀有元素；属花岗岩浆高度分异演化晚期阶段的产物；由岩浆期后的云英岩化形成气成－热液型绿柱石宝石矿床。     

基于随机补片和DeepLabV3+的建筑物遥感图像变化检测

为有效解决传统遥感图像变化检测预处理复杂的问题,提出一种基于随机补片和DeepLabV3+的建筑物遥感图像变化检测方法。以ResNet50特征提取网络为基础,创建DeepLabV3+语义分割网络,并在图像和标签中创建大小为224像素×224像素的随机补片作为网络输入,训练建筑物提取网络;修改建筑物提取网络输入层为6通道,通过矩阵运算将两期遥感图像转换为一幅6通道非RGB图像,利用转换后的非RGB图像进行网络训练并验证变化检测精度。实验1利用ENVI5.3软件,采用马氏距离法进行变化检测;实验2采用改进的U-Net网络和随机补片,完成网络训练和精度验证;实验3使用实验2的训练数据和验证数据,采用随机补片和DeepLabV3+网络进行变化检测网络训练及精度验证。实验结果表明,该方法实验1、实验2、实验3建筑物变化检测平均交并比分别为24.43%、83.14%、89.90%,边界轮廓匹配分数分别为61.47%,80.24%、96.51%。     

中亚巴尔喀什成矿带晚古生代岩浆活动与斑岩铜矿成矿时代

巴尔喀什成矿带是中亚成矿域重要的晚古生代斑岩铜钼成矿带。通过该成矿带科翁腊德、博尔雷和阿克斗卡地区与斑岩铜成矿作用密切相关的花岗斑岩类岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,主量、稀土和微量元素地球化学,Sr、Nd同位素示踪分析,进一步厘定了斑岩铜成矿作用的时代,并推测了板块构造环境。斑岩铜成矿时代分为两期：早期约为327 Ma,形成科翁腊德和阿克斗卡超大型斑岩铜矿床;晚期约为316 Ma,形成博尔雷大型斑岩铜矿床。与成矿有关的斑岩类主要为高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩,可能为火山岛弧环境,部分具有埃达克岩特征和经典岛弧花岗岩类特征。斑岩类ε_Sr(t)和ε_Nd(t)的变化范围分别为-6.35~34.03和-0.46~5.53。其中,科翁腊德-博尔雷地区斑岩类来源于亏损地幔与大陆地壳表层物质（老地壳物质）的显著混染作用,而阿克斗卡地区斑岩类直接来自于亏损地幔。将巴尔喀什成矿带与我国西准噶尔成矿带进行了对比,认为可能属于同一个晚古生代斑岩铜钼成矿带。     

松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油富集规律及成藏模式

针对松辽盆地南部大情字井向斜区葡萄花油层石油成藏及富集规律研究程度低的问题,从有效烃源岩、优质储层、油源断层及断裂密集带4个方面入手,深入开展石油富集规律及成藏模式研究。根据断裂发育特征及构造高程,将向斜区进一步划分为3个次级构造单元,并对不同构造单元油藏类型和石油分布特征进行剖析：向斜断裂深洼区以断层-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡缓坡区以岩性油藏、断层-岩性油藏和构造-岩性油藏为主;向斜过渡陡坡区发育少量岩性油藏。平面上,受断裂密集带发育位置的影响,石油主要呈条带状富集于向斜断裂深洼区和过渡缓坡区;垂向上,受储层发育位置的影响,石油集中分布于葡萄花油层Ⅱ砂组。以此为基础分析向斜区石油富集规律,得出石油富集的4个主控因素：①有效烃源岩厚度控制石油富集;②油源断层组成垂向优势输导通道;③分流河道岔道口是石油富集的有利部位;④断裂密集带控制石油富集。最终建立了向斜区4种成藏模式：①向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以南,嫩一段烃源岩供烃,超压倒灌,油源断层沟通,反向构造控藏;②向斜断裂深洼区黑157井以北,青一段烃源岩供烃,油选择性充注分流河道成藏及断裂密集带内断层组合形成的局部构造控藏;③向斜过渡缓坡区,构造-岩性和岩性圈闭控藏模式;④向斜过渡陡坡区岩性圈闭控藏模式。     

硅灰石、透辉石在陶瓷中的基本反应和作用

本文以硅灰石和高岭石、透辉石和高岭石为端元组分,推导了二元假相图。根据这两个假相图,提出了四个基本固相反应。用这些基本反应以及硅灰石、透辉石的矿物学性质,说明了它们对陶瓷坯体工艺性能的作用。     

成岩动力学分析与深部储层孔隙预测

国内外深部优质储层的不断发现大大拓宽了油气勘探的新领域,但孔隙流体自然排放的压实理论和有机无机反应的次生孔隙窗机理对深部高孔渗储层并不能作出圆满解释。深部储层孔隙保存状况除与储层物质组成及其内部结构有关外,与各成岩动力学过程间的耦合关系更为密切。压实作用、胶结作用、粘土矿物转化、有机质热演化、溶蚀作用、异常流体压力的积累与释放等动力学过程在时间和空间上的不同组合决定了深部储层孔隙的发育程度及其保存状况。     

Characteristics of black shale in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng and lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery,China

Geochemical and mineralogical analyses, in addition to isothermal adsorption experiments on field samples, are used to characterise the sedimentary environments, reservoirs and adsorbed gas of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng–lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its peripheral areas. The sedimentary environment of the Wufeng and the lower part of Longmaxi formations is a deep-water shelf with five different lithologies identified: siliceous shale, black shale, siltstone, biolithite limestone and bentonite. The black shale in the Wufeng and the lower part of Longmaxi formations is 50 m thick, with an average organic carbon content (TOC) of 3.81 wt% and a maturity (Ro) of 1.62%. Quartz comprises 54.94 vol% of the shale and positively correlates with the TOC. Micropores in the black shale include intergranular pores, intragranular pores, organic matter pores and microfractures. Among these pores, spaces between clay sheets and organic molecules represent a favourable storage space for the accumulation and preservation of oil and gas. The Langmuir volume parameter ranges between 1.52 and 3.01 cm³/g, with an average value of 2.33 cm³/g. The presence of organic matter pores and pores between clay sheets in the black shale is the main and controlling factor for accumulated gas.