秋行夏令:2021年10月初北方致灾性持续暴雨及水汽极端性分析

2021年10月3—6日,我国北方地区经历了历史罕见的持续性极端强降水过程,暴雨中心稳定维持在陕西中部、山西、京津冀、辽宁等地南部和山东北部,给上述地区造成了巨大的经济损失和严重的人员伤亡。基于台站观测降水、NCEP/NCAR和ERA5再分析资料诊断了本次降水过程的极端性。结果表明,本次暴雨过程无论是降水强度、持续时长还是经向水汽输送均表现出典型北方夏季暴雨和大气环流配置特征。上述五省二市区域平均的过程累计雨量强度远远超过秋季其他暴雨个例,即使在夏季也位列第二。本次过程的极端性与强降水中心稳定在上述地区密切相关。上述五省二市区域平均降水连续4日均超过15 mm,这在秋季历史上从未出现过。除过程的极端性强外,9月山西等地降水异常偏多对10月初秋涝也起到了叠加作用。本次秋涝对应的大气环流呈现出典型的北方夏季主雨季环流型,表现为西太平洋副热带高压（副高）偏西偏北,副高西侧的经向水汽输送异常强盛,同时10月4—6日北方地区发生一次强冷空气过程,冷暖气流交汇在上述地区。水汽收支计算表明,本次过程的经向水汽输送强度为秋季历史之最,甚至超过了盛夏时期北方大部分暴雨过程水汽输送强度。上述分析结果表明,即使在仲秋时节亦可产生有利于北方极端持续暴雨的环流形势和水汽输送,并导致秋涝发生。     

阜新盆地东梁区浅层致密砂岩气气源岩特征

为了解阜新盆地浅层致密砂岩气成藏条件,应用有机岩石学和有机地球化学方法,对气源岩特征开展研究.认为该区浅层致密砂岩气气源岩为沙海组四段泥岩、沙海组三段煤层和泥岩;气源岩厚度大且埋藏浅(＜1500 m),有机质丰度高(TOC＞2%),生烃潜力强;有机质类型沙海组四段为Ⅲ(偏ⅡB)型干酪根,沙海组三段为Ⅲ型干酪根;气源对比显示沙海组三段和沙海组四段气源岩与沙海组三段浅层致密砂岩气同源,浅层致密砂岩气紧邻源岩.表明研究区气源岩能生成大量天然气,利于形成浅层致密砂岩气藏.     

基于自然资源价值理论的自然岸线价值核算——以辽宁省大连市为例

以自然资源价值理论为指导,构建以使用价值和生态价值为基础的自然岸线资源二元价值结构。结果表明：通过建立自然岸线资源物质量与价值量核算方法,得出大连市自然岸线资源物质总量为766.6 km,全市自然保有率为46.9%。到“十四五”末,大连市海岸线资源价值总量约1 792.88亿元,自然资源岸线价值组成中生态价值占主导地位,价值量占比为99.8%。该核算方法实现了自然岸线资源生态价值的内部化过程,解决了岸线资源的价值以使用价值为主、对生态价值的忽视或考虑不足、导致整体价值被低估的核心问题。过度的资源开发是造成自然岸线资源稀缺的原因,加之资源保护与开发的高质量发展模式,自然岸线资源价值将不断攀高。自然岸线资源价值也将成为沿海地区核心价值的重要组成部分。     

面向全空间信息系统的传感设备实时数据管理架构

传感设备实时数据已经逐步成为GIS对现实世界动态特征表达与时空大数据分析的主要数据来源之一.将传感设备与全空间信息系统结合,提出一种面向全空间信息系统的传感设备动态接入与感测数据流式管理架构.基于多粒度时空对象描述框架对传感设备进行动态时空建模,实现传感设备的动态接入与时空对象化一体管理;设计可伸缩的实时数据管理系统体...     

The effect of pore water pressure on tunnel face stability

The kinematic approach in combination with numerical simulation is used to examine the effect of pore water pressure on tunnel face stability. Pore water pressure distribution obtained by numerical calculations using FLAC^3D is used to interpolate the pore water pressure on a 3D rotational collapse mechanism. Comparisons are made to check the present approach against other solutions, showing that the present approach improves the existing upper bound solutions. Results obtained indicate that critical effective face pressure increases with water table elevation. Several normalized charts are also presented for quick evaluation of tunnel face stability. At the end of the paper, the influence of anisotropic permeability on tunnel face stability is also discussed, showing that the isotropic model leads to an overestimation of the necessary tunnel face pressure for anisotropic soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A FUMIGATION DIFFUSION MODEL DURING THE MOUNTAIN-VALLEY WIND SHIFT PERIOD

The fumigation during the mountain-valley wind shift has been first identified as a special type of pol-lutant diffusion using the monitoring measurements of Dukou,Southwest Sichuan,China.Such a pheno-menon occurs frequently all year around but summer,particularly in winter months.A new model for thefumigation during the mountain-valley wind shift period is developed that allows satisfactory explanation ofthe fact.Analyses indicate that the model can more accurately predict not only the high concentration ofPollutants but the time and locality of the occurrence as well.The ground concentration of SO_2 during fumigation is several times up to over a decade higher thanthe daily mean for the whole region,one of the main contamination processes that affect the air quality ofthe city.The medel analyses provide a basis for more effective prediction of the quality and precautionstudy against the disaster.     

天津蓟县盘山石英二长岩体的Rb—Sr同位素年龄及其地质意义

盘山的石英二长岩体曾一直被认为系燕山期侵入体,经Rb—Sr测定结果,其同位素年龄为235.152Ma,应属海西晚期。