贵州簸箕田金矿单矿物稀土元素和同位素地球化学特征

簸箕田金矿位于灰家堡背斜东头倾覆端,是灰家堡卡林型金矿田重要的组成部分。金矿床具有低温成矿特征,出现硅化、白云石化、黄铁矿化等围岩蚀变和特征的Au-As-Hg元素组合。成矿期方解石具有MREE富集和正Eu异常特点,显示矿热液是一种MREE相对富集以及具有正Eu异常的还原性流体,来源于深部或至少经历过对富含斜长石源区的水-岩反应。成矿期方解石的δ~(13)C为-6‰～-0.1‰,成矿期后方解石的δ~(13)C为0.2‰～3.2‰,显示成矿期碳来源于地幔碳和地层碳的混合,成矿期后碳主要来自于地层。矿床硫同位素变化于0.73‰～5.86‰,组成均一化较高,具有接近幔源硫的特征,反映了成矿物质可能主要来自于深源岩浆。总之我们推测成矿物质主要来源于深部,在燕山期区域构造作用下沿深大断裂上涌,当成矿流体运移至背斜核部时,由于成矿条件的聚变,金被快速富集沉淀,形成簸箕田金矿床。     

西南地区主要水循环过程的数值模拟分析

利用NCAR的公用陆面模式CLM4.0(Community Land Model 4.0),以1961~2010年普林斯顿大学的大气驱动场资料作为大气强迫场,对西南地区陆面过程变化进行了非耦合模拟试验。分析结果表明:西南地区降水呈现明显的干湿季节特征,季风期降水量分布为东北—西南走向,以印度缅甸一带向东北方向递减;非季风期近似呈东西梯度,以两湖地区为中心向西递减。全年而言,西南地区约有16.7%的降水首先被冠层截留,到达地面后约有60.5%以渗透的形式进入土壤,另有约17.1%形成地表径流,还有少部分降水以直接蒸发的形式加湿低层大气。各水循环因子分布与降水分布密切相关,其中冠层截留、地表径流、冠层蒸发的季风期与非季风期特征差异不大,而地下排水和地表蒸发在非季风期均明显高于非季风期,渗透过程则相反。非季风期西南地区水循环的蒸发高、渗透小、地下排水量显著,这三个过程的共同作用,造成西南地区冬春季陆面水份显著流失,是引发西南春旱的可能原因之一。     

A study on one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils

The governing equations for one‐dimensional consolidation of layered structured soils under time‐dependent loading are established. Using simplified k‐σ′ and m_v‐σ′ models, n‐layered structured soils are transformed into (n + 1) or (n + 2)‐layered soils in which the thickness of upper and lower layers are gradually changing. The approximate solutions for the governing equations are then obtained under two types of boundary conditions, and the computer program is developed. Based on the solutions and computer program, the consolidation behavior of layered structured soils with soft interlayer is studied. It is shown that the permeability and compressibility of the soft interlayer have the greatest influences on the rate of settlement and rate of the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparative analysis of relationships between NLDAS‐2 forcings and model outputs

This study reports results from an analysis of the relationship between atmospheric forcing and model‐simulated water and energy fluxes for the North American Land Data Assimilation System Project Phase 2 (NLDAS‐2). The relationships between mean monthly precipitation and total runoff are stronger in the Sacramento (SAC) and variable infiltration capacity (VIC) models, which grew out of the hydrological community, than in the Noah and Mosaic models, which grew out of the soil‐vegetation‐atmosphere transfer (SVAT) community. The reverse is true for the relationship between mean monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration. In addition, surface energy fluxes in VIC are less sensitive to model forcing (except for air temperature) than those in the Noah and Mosaic model. Notwithstanding these general conclusions, the relationships between forcings and model‐simulated water and energy fluxes for all models vary for different seasons, variables, and regions. These findings will ultimately inspire a combination of SVAT‐type model energy components with hydrological model water components to develop a SVAT‐hydrology model to improve both evapotranspiration and total runoff simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄铁矿叠层石丘堆式沉积与块状硫化物的富集作用

通过对黄铁矿叠层石组构、成分、微量元素、硫同位素、分子生物标志物与产出的构造环境背景的研究可知 ,黄铁矿叠层石的形成是通过沿同生断裂上升喷溢入海的热流体长期脉动作用 ,构成栖息在热水喷口与热液丘堤周围的嗜热微生物群落生存的食物链基础 ,使嗜热微生物围绕热水喷口繁殖的结果。沿同生断裂上升喷溢入海的热流体长期脉动过程中不断吸附、富集成矿元素 ,并将海水中的硫酸盐还原为H2 S。微生物吸附的Fe2 + 与S2 -作用 ,形成黄铁矿叠层石。微生物群落在热水喷口与丘堤附近不均衡发展 ,产生了成矿带内块状硫化物矿床中的黄铁矿叠层石丘堆。这种黄铁矿叠层石丘堆体是寻找富矿的显著标志 ,具有重要的成因与找矿意义     

超细白云石矿粉润湿接触角的测定

根据Washburn方程，采用毛细管上升法，自行设计了简单的实验装置。提出了相对润湿接触角的概念，测定了3个超细CaCO3粉体在水中的润湿接触角。     

Peat record of climate change for the last 3000 years in Yangmu, Mishan region of Sanjiang Plain

The study of global climate change for the last 2000 years is very important for predicting climate evolution in the future. In order to explore the evidence of climate change for that period, the Chinese scientists made convincing statements using high-resolution substitution data such as tree-ring, coral and ice core. Continuous accumulated peat sediment is the better substitution data to provide climate information. Selecting the peatlands with a certain area and less human interference, th…     

天水地区重力剖面测量结果与地壳结构

本文介绍了１９９０年期间在天水地区的重力剖面测量结果，以及用多层变密度直接反演法得到的该区地壳密度分层结构。结果表明，除近地表的沉积层外，该区地壳在纵向上可分为上、中、下三层，其各层的平均密度为２．６１、２．６６、２．８０ｇ／ｃｍ＾３，各层底面的平均深度分别为１６、２８、４５ｋｍ，且各层在横向和纵向上变化都比较剧烈。     

我国江淮流域近40年异常初终霜冻的分析

该文用地面最低温度资料，以≤0℃作为霜冻指标，定量地确定出现异常霜冻的判别标准，研究了近40年初终霜冻异常的气候特征。结果表明:初终霜冻的异常明显存在地区差异。其变化周期以2～3年和准12年最普遍。其偏离均值大致有两种波型:反向变化和同向变化。前者在淮河流域较突出，后者在长江流域较普遍。当其出现反向变化趋势，且二者偏离均值达最大时，该时期为初霜冻异常偏早(偏晚)，终霜冻异常偏晚(偏早)的活跃期。同样，当初、终霜冻出现同向变化时，初、终霜冻异常活路期亦呈现同向变化。     

Compton散射反问题的适定性的一些结果

本文对于Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ散射无损检测问题得出了非线性Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ积分方程的模型，在某些通常容许的条件下证明了问题适定性，并探讨了一种图象重建的数值方法。