Effect of time step size and turbulence model on the open water hydrodynamic performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers

A growing interest has been devoted to the contra-rotating propellers (CRPs) due to their high propulsive efficiency, torque balance, low fuel consumption, low cavitations, low noise performance and low hull vibration. Compared with the single-screw system, it is more difficult for the open water performance prediction because forward and aft propellers interact with each other and generate a more complicated flow field around the CRPs system. The current work focuses on the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers by RANS and sliding mesh method considering the effect of computational time step size and turbulence model. The validation study has been performed on two sets of contra-rotating propellers developed by David W Taylor Naval Ship R & D center. Compared with the experimental data, it shows that RANS with sliding mesh method and SST k-ω turbulence model has a good precision in the open water performance prediction of contra-rotating propellers, and small time step size can improve the level of accuracy for CRPs with the same blade number of forward and aft propellers, while a relatively large time step size is a better choice for CRPs with different blade numbers.     

养马岛连陆海堤对沉积动力环境的影响

运用水动力和泥沙输运数学模型模拟了养马岛连陆海堤拆除前后的水动力变化以及海底冲淤演变状况。通过对连陆海堤拆除前和后的流场比较,可知连陆海堤拆除后养马岛南部海域流速加大,可达20 cm/a,水流畅通,水体交换能力获得明显的改善;海底蚀淤模拟结果表明,养马岛南部海域淤积情况明显减弱,最大淤积速率仅为1 cm/a,东南侧海域发生侵蚀,最大侵蚀速率为5 cm/a,东侧海域发生普遍淤积,淤积速率在1~5 cm/a之间。连陆海堤拆除后养马岛南部海域海洋环境会得到明显改善。     

Quantitative proteomics provides insight into the response of the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense to changes in ambient phosphorus

Dinoflagellates are the major causative agents of harmful algal blooms in the global ocean and they usually form blooms under conditions of very low dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP). However, the mechanisms underpinning the dinoflagellate blooms remain unclear. Here, we quantitatively compared protein expression profiles of a marine dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum donghaiense, grown in inorganic P-replete, P-deficient, and DIP-and dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP)-resupplied conditions by employ...     

微型近红外光谱仪测量北极积雪覆盖海冰内部太阳辐照度可行性研究

The extremely low temperature, high humidity and limited power supply pose considerable challenges when using spectrometers within the Arctic sea ice. The feasibility of using a miniature low-power near-infrared spectrometer module to measure solar radiation in Arctic sea ice environments was investigated in this study.Temperature and integration time dependences of the spectrometer module were examined over the entire target operating range of –50℃ to 30℃, well below the specified operating range of this spectrometer. Using these observations, a dark output prediction model was developed to represent dark output as a function of temperature and integration time. Temperature-induced biases in the saturation output and linear operating range of the spectrometer were also determined. Temperature and integration time dependences of the signal output were evaluated. Two signal output correction models were developed and compared, to convert the signal output at any temperature within the operating temperature range and integration time to that measured at the reference temperature and integration time. The overall performance of the spectrometer was evaluated by integrating it into a refined fiber optic spectrometry system and measuring solar irradiance distribution in the ice cover with thickness of 1.85 m in the Arctic during the 9th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition. The general shape of the measured solar irradiance above the snow surface agreed well with that measured by other commercial oceanographic spectroradiometers. The measured optical properties of the sea ice were generally comparable to those of similar ice measured using other instruments. This approach provides a general framework for assessing the feasibility of using spectrometers for applications in cold environments.     

中国沿海小黄鱼种群动力学及其空间异质性研究

小黄鱼是我国近海四种最重要的经济鱼类之一,在过去的几十年中小黄鱼种群及其两个地理亚种群经历了巨大的变化。小黄鱼的种群动力学研究,对于维持这一重要渔业的可持续管理是至关重要的。目前仅有的两个小黄鱼种群动力学模型只涵盖了较短的时间,且没有关注其空间差异。本文研究了1968年至2015年间黄渤海和东海小黄鱼的种群动力学模型,包含和不包含空间分层结构的两种贝叶斯模型被用于分析其种群动力学的大尺度空间异质性。本文分析了不同的假设,来研究小黄鱼种群动力学潜在的变化趋势。研究结果表明小黄鱼种群动力学特征具有明显的时间和空间变化。种群的增长速度从20世纪八十年代开始增加,而可捕系数从1981年到2015年增加了两倍多。与黄渤海亚种群相比,东海的小黄鱼亚种群生长速度更快,遭受的捕捞压力也更大。基于最大可持续产量MSY的参考点表明,无论是整个小黄鱼种群还是两个亚种群,近年来都有非常高的过度捕捞风险。因此我国小黄鱼的渔业管理急需更加保守的管理策略,同时考虑其地域差异。本文所用的方法可以应用于其他种类的资源评估和渔业管理,尤其是具有空间异质性和数据有限的种类。     

Delaunay三角网增点生长构造法研究

论述了一种由计算机自动生成Delaunay三角网的增点生长构造法。该方法属于不规则三角网的动态构网法，它借鉴了静态构网法中递归生长算法的部分思想，并利用Lawson提出的最大最小(MAX—MIN)角度法则对三角网进行即时的局部优化，从而达到了快速、有效地构建Delaunay三角网的目的。该方法对快速生成海底DEM数据，进行海底仿真具有重要的作用。     

静水压力取样器冲击头冲击速度的理论与试验研究

介绍了一种用于海底沉积物取样的静水压力取样器,它能依次利用重力势能和静水压力能,将其转换为冲击动能,以冲击形式将取样管插入海底沉积物进行取样。结合既定取样器对其冲击头的冲击速度进行了理论推导,并提出相关经验公式。通过取样器冲击试验,验证了静水压力取样器冲击头冲击速度理论模型的正确性和合理性。在理论推导和实验验证的基础上,对影响取样器冲击头冲击速度三个主要因素进行了探讨,并提出了提高冲击头冲击速度的具体措施。     

红树植物拟海桑及其亲本的根际细菌群落特征分析

植物根际微生物群落能够从亲本传递给子代, 从而影响植物的表型。野外调查发现, 海桑属(Sonneratia)红树植物自然杂交杂种拟海桑在野外通常比亲本生长更为强壮, 表现出极强的生存优势。为探究这一现象的原因, 本研究从根际微生物角度出发, 利用细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术, 对采自海南省东寨港的三种红树植物拟海桑(S. × gulngai)及其亲本海桑(S. caseolaris)和杯萼海桑(S. alba)的根际土壤进行根际细菌群落特征分析。结果表明, 三种红树植物根际细菌群落多样性高, 种类丰富, 分属于30门242科351属, 其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为最优势门, 在各个样本中丰度超过40%, 子代拟海桑继承亲本的根际微生物多数都属于这一类群。研究发现, 子代拟海桑与两亲本的根际细菌类群组成在门水平存在显著差异, 其中酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)在子代拟海桑中丰度分别为4.3%和6.5%, 显著高于亲本1%~2%的含量; 在亲本杯萼海桑中, 丰度高达19.8%的栖热菌门(Thermi)在子代中丰度仅有1%, 而热袍菌门(Thermotogae)(5%)甚至消失。总之, 子代拟海桑与亲本杯萼海桑的根际微生物群落组成相对于亲本海桑表现出更大的差异性。土壤理化性质分析发现, 子代拟海桑的土壤全氮(total nitrogen, TN)含量显著低于亲本, 含量相差3倍以上, 相关性分析表明, TN浓度与菌群中的浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)丰度显著负相关。通过功能预测分析发现, 子代拟海桑微生物群落中与基础代谢相关的碳水化合物、氨基酸、能量以及脂质代谢相关的功能基因丰度显著都高于亲本, 表现出代谢能力的增强。本研究认为, 子代拟海桑对亲本的根际土壤微生物进行了选择性继承, 菌群组成更为合理, 在保持菌群高度多样性的同时, 一些根际促生菌的含量增加, 使菌群基础代谢能力增加, 更有利于子代拟海桑的生长。     

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)新型凝集素ChPerlucin的基因克隆与功能研究

C-型凝集素(C-type lectin)是一类能识别并结合多糖的免疫蛋白质超家族, 本文首次克隆了一种新型香港牡蛎C-型凝集素基因——甘露聚糖结合凝集素, 并获得了该基因的全长序列, 命名为ChPerlucin。结果显示, ChPerlucin基因cDNA全长577bp, 包括21bp的5′末端非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)、73bp的 3′UTR, 以及483bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF), 编码160个氨基酸, ChPerlucin蛋白理论分子量为18kD, 等电点为5.95。ChPerlucin蛋白含有保守的C-型凝集素样结构域(C-type lectin or carbohydrate-recognition domain, CLECT); 邻接法(Neighbor-Joining, NJ)进化树分析表明, ChPerlucin与其他贝类的Perlucin聚为一支, 说明该基因是软体动物Perlucin家族的新成员。qRT-PCR结果显示, ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎所检测组织和各个胚胎发育时期中均有表达; 病原菌刺激后, ChPerlucin表达量显著升高; 利用毕赤酵母真核成功表达了ChPerlucin重组蛋白, 发现ChPerlucin重组蛋白具有抑菌效果。以上结果表明ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎的先天性免疫过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

利用ND1、ITS1序列研究三种背角无齿蚌（Anodontawoodiana）分类学问题

利用ND1、ITS1序列差异对采自太湖、在形态上被认为是背角无齿蚌、圆背角无齿蚌、椭圆背角无齿蚌的三种个体进行鉴定,并与从NCBI中下载到的同属不同种褶纹冠蚌的ND1、ITS1序列进行对比,分析了基于Kimura2-parameter模型参数得到的遗传距离,并构建了NJ树。结果表明,本研究中所有背角无齿蚌种间遗传距离变...