新时期新疆水库大坝建设的主要问题与对策建议

截止2018年,全疆(含兵团)已建、在建及拟建水库722座(包括电站水库),总库容295.0×10⁸m³。有力地改善了水资源调控和利用效率,在灌溉、供水、防洪、发电、旅游等方面发挥了极其重要的作用。新时期按照水利部"水利工程补短板、水利行业强监管"的工作总基调,针对南北疆水资源配置不平衡问题、水资源利用不充分问题,谋划提出了兴建数十座大中型山区水库,以及提升已建水库大坝信息化管理水平、加强水库调度运行管理,在满足生态需水的前提下统筹生活、生产供水,最大程度发挥水库效益、确保水库安全运行。针对新时期气候变化条件下水库洪水风险分析、大坝建设需要重点关注的几项关键技术、山区水库替代平原水库、河流健康与生态调度、水库清淤与能力提升、水库信息化与智能调度以及延长服役期等问题进行了探讨,提出若干对策建议。     

无锡市现代农业评价体系构建

发展现代农业是促进我国"三农"问题解决的最有效途径之一,也是今后我国农业发展的根本方向。因而亟需建立一套科学的现代农业评价体系,以便对现代农业发展的水平进行评定并指导现代农业建设实践。该评价体系由农业生产、农村发展、农民生活3个方面构成,并以层次分析法赋予各指标权重。同时,以无锡市现代农业发展为实例对指标进行赋值。研究结果表明,无锡市现代农业正处于程度较高的发展期,但仍存在很大的发展空间。针对其发展过程中出现的问题,今后应采取提升农业规模化、机械化水平,加强信息化建设以及促进农民增收等应对措施。     

钢筋混凝土剪力墙的变形能力及基于性能的抗震设计

影响钢筋混凝土剪力墙变形能力的主要因素包括高宽比r、轴压比n、边缘约束构件约束程度等.本文首先建立了钢筋混凝土剪力墙端部约束构件的配箍特征值λvw、轴压比n、高宽比r与剪力墙极限位移Δuw之间的关系,即λvw-n-r-Δuw关系,然后通过7个研究机构所进行的钢筋混凝土剪力墙试验对该关系进行了验证.在此关系的基础上,本文提出了钢筋混凝土剪力墙基于性能的抗震设计方法.根据本文方法,设计者可以在已知层间位移角需求θ及确定损伤指标Dw的情况下对剪力墙端部约束构件进行配箍.本文最后通过一算例详细介绍了该方法的设计过程.     

Shake table testing of a multi-tower connected hybrid structure

Many single-tower reinforced concrete core wall-steel frame (RCC-SF) buildings have been built in China, but there are no buildings of different-height multi-tower hybrid system. A multi-tower RCC-SF tall building was thus studied because of its structural complexity and irregularity. First, a 1/15 scaled model structure was designed and tested on the shake table under minor, moderate, and major earthquake levels. Then, the dynamic responses of the model structure were interpreted to those of the prototype structure according to the similitude theory. Experimental results demonstrate that, despite the complexity of the structure, the lateral deformation bends as the "bending type" and the RC core walls contribute more than the steel frames to resist seismic loads. The maximum inter-story drift of the complex building under minor earthquakes is slightly beyond the elastic limitation specified in the Chinese code, and meets code requirements under major earthquakes. From the test results some suggestions are provided that could contribute favorable effect on the seismic behavior and the displacement of the building.     

基于ASTER影像的近海水产养殖信息自动提取方法

水产养殖地已经成为海洋环境监测的热点目标之一。采用具有高光谱分辨率和较高空间分辨率(15m)的ASTER遥感影像,以九龙江河口地区为研究示范区,进行近海水产养殖信息的自动提取方法研究。结果表明,利用ASTER影像的光谱信息和水产养殖地的纹理结构信息,可以实现近海水产养殖地的自动提取。先利用监督分类方法提取混淆有其他水体的水产养殖信息,采用邻域分析来增强水产养殖地的空间纹理信息。通过综合监督分类和水产养殖地空间纹理增强的结果,在专家决策分类器中建立决策规则,进行水产养殖地的自动提取,提取的精度达93%。     

单向张弦梁结构风振响应的时域分析

张弦梁屋盖结构自重轻,地震作用下的动力问题不是结构设计的控制因素,但是在风荷载作用下结构的动力响应较为显著,在设计中应给予足够重视。本文首先利用Matlab编程工具,模拟结构的风速时程曲线,然后利用有限元软件中的瞬态动力学分析模块对这种结构进行动力时程分析,讨论其在脉动风荷载作用下的动力响应,并将结果和频域法脉动风荷载的分析结果进行对比,验证了计算结构的可靠性。得到一些有意义的结论,供张弦梁结构的工程应用参考。     

松辽盆地滨北地区油气运移输导体系分析

传统的围绕生烃洼陷的油气勘探在滨北地区受到了严峻的考验,面积占整个松辽盆地1/3的滨北地区的油气勘探一直没有取得突破性进展.分析认为滨北地区存在三大背斜构造带(绥棱背斜带、乾元背斜带和克山-依龙背斜带)和滨州走滑断裂带所构成的输导体系.三大背斜带的形成和定型均早于盆地青山口组主力烃源岩大规模生排烃时间(白垩纪末),并分别倾没于齐家-古龙凹陷北部、黑鱼泡凹陷和三肇凹陷,凹陷生烃潜力的差异决定了紧邻输导体系油气勘探潜力的差异,其中齐家北凹陷和三肇凹陷已经发现了较丰富的油气资源,决定了绥棱背斜带和克山-依龙背斜带油气勘探的潜力较大.乾元背斜带临近黑鱼泡凹陷,由于黑鱼泡凹陷烃源岩成熟度低,烃源岩没有进入大规模生排烃阶段,因此勘探潜力有限;滨州走滑断裂带横穿齐家-古龙凹陷和三肇凹陷,断裂活动时间与烃源岩成熟时间一致,有利于油气的定向运移,同时晚期构造活动西段强而东段弱,从油气保存的角度看,有可能东段优于西段,但从油气的垂向运移看,西段更有可能形成垂向上多层系含油的复式油气聚集带,因此沿整个滨州走滑断裂带是有利的勘探领域.     

A Study on Parameterization of Surface Albedo over Grassland Surface in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The relationship of surface albedo with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture is analyzed based on two-year (January 2002 to December 2003) observational data from the AWS (Automatic Weather Station) at MS3478 in the northern Tibetan Plateau during the experimental period of CEOP/CAMP-Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia-Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau). As a double-variable (solar altitude angle and soil moisture) function, surface albedo varies inconspicuously with any single factor. By using the method of approximately separating the double-variable function into two, one-factor functions (product and addition), the relationship of albedo with these two factors presents much better. The product and additional empirical formulae of albedo are then preliminarily fitted based on long-term experimental data. By comparison with observed values, it is found that the parameterization formulae fitted by using observational data are mostly reliable and their correlation coefficients are both over 0.6. The empirical formulae of albedo though, for the northern Tibetan Plateau, need to be tested by much more representative observational data with the help of numerical models and the retrieval of remote sensing data. It is practical until it is changed into effective parameterization formulae representing a grid scale in models.     

Phase Equilibria Constraints on Relations of Ore-bearing Intrusionswith Flood Basalts in the Panxi Region, Southwestern China

There are two types of temporally and spatially associated intrusions within the Emeishan large igneous province (LIP); namely, small uitramafic subvolcanic sills that host magmatic Cu-Ni-Platinum Group Element (PGE)-bearing sulfide deposits and large mafic layered intrusions that host giant Ti-V magnetite deposits in the Panxi region. However, except for their coeval ages, the genetic relations between the ore-bearing intrusions and extrusive rocks are poorly understood. Phase equilibria analysis (Q-PI-OI-Opx-Cpx system) has been carried out to elucidate whether ore-bearing Panzhihua, Xinjie and Limahe intrusions are co-magmatic with the picrites and flood basalts (including high-Ti, low-Ti and alkali basalts), respectively. In this system, the parental magma can be classified as silica-undersaturated olivine basalt and silica-saturated tholeiite. The equivalents of the parental magma of the Xinjie and Limahe peridotites and picrites and iow-Ti basalts are silica-undersaturated, whereas the Limahe gabbro-diorites and high-Ti basalts are silica-saturated. In contrast, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be alkali character. Phase equilibria relations clearly show that the magmas that formed the Panzhihua intrusion and high-Ti basalts cannot be co-magmatic as there is no way to derive one liquid from another by fractional crystallization. On the other hand, the Panzhihua intrusion appears to be related to Permian alkali intrusions in the region, but does not appear to be related to the alkali basalts recognized in the Longzhoushan lava stratigraphy. Comparably, the Limabe intrusion appears to be a genetic relation to the picrites, whereas the Xinjie intrusion may be genetically related to be low-Ti basaits. Additionally, the gabbro-diorites and peridotites of the Limahe intrusion are not co-magmatic, and the former appears to be derived liquid from high-Ti basalts.     

应用基础隔震技术的建筑工程造价分析

应用叠层橡胶支座进行基础隔震是目前国内外大力推广的一门建筑抗震新技术。但由于对采用隔震技术后建筑物的工程造价是否会增加缺乏具体的经济技术指标,使得建筑开发商对其推广应用一直持保守态度。选择了位于VIII度区的两个典型工程实例(一例为乙类建筑,另一例为丙类建筑),简要分析了同一建筑物采取不同设计方案(不隔震但抗震设防、隔震使实际设防水平提高、隔震后与未隔震建筑保持相同设防水平等三种不同设计方案)对工程造价的影响及差异。分析数据表明,在同等设防烈度下,基础隔震技术的合理应用可以使被隔震建筑的工程造价与同条件只采用抗震设防的建筑工程造价适当降低。