新疆额敏东部志留纪化石的发现及其地质意义

在额敏东部原划为晚泥盆世塔尔巴哈台组的火山碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩地层中发现了丰富的志留纪文洛克世动物化石, 包括珊瑚Halysites hoboksarensis、H. sp.、Mesofavosites sp., 腕足动物Atrypa sp.、Eospirifer radiatus, 三叶虫Encrinuroides sp.、Encrinurus sp.1、E. sp.2、Cheirurus sp.、Sthenarocalymene sp., 短剑类Lepidocoleus sp.和层孔虫等, 通过区域岩性组合对比, 将该套地层改划为文洛克统沙尔布尔组.珊瑚和层孔虫等对环境要求较高的生物化石的发现, 同时结合地层中风暴沉积的粒序层理、包卷层理及火焰构造等相标志, 说明了额敏东部在文洛克世为火山碎屑质的开阔台地相沉积环境, 处于热带、亚热带气候区.      

Improved Inter‐calibration of Faraday Cup and Ion Counting for In Situ Pb Isotope Measurements Using LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS: Application to the Study of the Origin of the Fangshan Pluton,North China

A laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS) method was developed to obtain precise and accurate Pb isotopic ratio measurements in low‐Pb materials (< 10 μg g^?1) using a combination of Faraday cups and ion counters (FC–IC). The low abundance ²⁰⁴Pb (~ 1.4%) was collected using an IC. A NBS 981 standard solution was used to cross‐calculate the FC–IC gain and to investigate the signal response characteristics of the IC. A significant, continuous and linear decrease in the FC–IC gain was observed within 1 hr, but this drift could be corrected using the calibrator‐sample‐calibrator bracketing method. In addition, a non‐linear response of the IC used in this study was observed and corrected by a non‐linear correction algorithm, which was established by measuring a series of gravimetrically prepared NBS 981 standard solutions (NIST SRM 981). Compared with the conventional arrangement, the use of the newly designed X skimmer cone and Jet sample cone improved the signal intensities from Pb isotopes by a factor of 1.9. Compared with only Faraday cups, using a combination FC–IC array was found to enhance the measurement repeatability (RSD) of ^20xPb/²⁰⁴Pb by approximately one order of magnitude when the ²⁰⁴Pb intensity was < 8 mV. Eight natural glasses and the NIST SRM 612 reference material glass (as a calibration material) were measured to evaluate the new protocol for Pb isotope determination. The analytical results were in agreement with the reference values within 2s measurement uncertainties. For MPI‐DING ATHO‐G (5.67 μg g^?1 total Pb), KL2‐G (2.07 μg g^?1 total Pb) and ML3B‐G (1.38 μg g^?1 total Pb), the typical accuracies of ^20xPb/²⁰⁴Pb were 0.09% of preferred values with precisions of < 0.33% (2RSD). The Pb isotope ratios in feldspars from granodiorite and within mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) from the Fangshan pluton, North China, were measured using the present method. The Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars from the whole host granodiorite show that that are radiogenic in the margin zone and gradually become less radiogenic. For the MMEs, the Pb isotopic compositions of feldspars are highly variable and overlap with those of the whole host granodiorite. For single‐grain feldspar, the strong rim‐core‐rim variations of the Pb isotopic compositions and trace elements are interpreted to have been generated via magma mixing. These results suggest that the Fangshan pluton underwent magma mixing of mantle‐derived mafic magmas with felsic magmas, and the proportion of the mafic magma influx decreased over time.     

岷江干旱河谷中心地段植被微尺度空间格局特征

微尺度景观格局是景观生态学的一个研究热点.干旱河谷是横断山区一类特殊的生态系统类型,生态脆弱,生态退化潜在风险大.选择四川茂县两河口典型样地干旱河谷微尺度景观格局进行研究.研究表明,样地上分布的景观类型多样,斑块类型有19个,植被景观总斑块达3 383个,以基质分布为主,植被斑块状镶嵌其中,主要以中生性耐旱植物为主,植被覆盖度为42.25％.植被景观类型大部分为豆科类灌丛景观,整个景观由川甘亚菊、刺蓬、瓦松、茂汶韭、狗尾草、小角柱花、侧柏、臭椿、滇柏、卷柏、元宝枫、岷江柏景观斑块控制.植被景观分布特征为,帚菊斑块面积最大且分布均匀,小马鞍羊蹄甲斑块最大且聚集度最高,狗尾草斑块破碎化程度最大,蚊子草斑块多样性程度最大,小角柱花多样性程度最小且分布最散.通过空间自相关性分析,研究区植物分布呈现较高的正相关性和空间聚集性,在尺度2m×2m空间自相关值最大,未来干旱河谷区微尺度空间格局研究尺度在这个尺度较适宜.     

2011年江苏典型和非典型梅雨锋暴雨特征对比分析

2011年江苏梅汛期分为典型和非典型梅雨锋降水两个阶段,针对不同阶段中产生的暴雨,利用常规资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用合成平均方法,从天气形势、热力和动力特征方面对其异同进行了分析。结果表明：典型梅雨锋暴雨在500 hPa中纬度低槽和副热带高压的共同作用下产生,暴雨落区在5840 gpm线附近,对流层低层有切变线,近地面梅雨锋特征显著,经向风扰动为深厚的北风,暖湿气流来自于孟加拉湾和南海中北部;非典型梅雨锋暴雨时,中高层江苏处于天气尺度深厚低槽前的西南气流中,冷空气来自东北冷涡后部,低层有倒槽辐合线,近地面锋区较弱,异常强盛的暖湿气流由南海经台湾海峡和东海北上,对流层低层经向风扰动为南风,中高层为北风,暴雨产生在低层南风风速辐合区;两类暴雨的落区均位于锋区暖的一侧以及假相当位温(θse)和比湿(q)大值区的北侧以及强上升运动区。     

Genetic variation within and among range-wide populations of three ecotypes of the Japanese grenadier anchovy Coilia nasus with implications to its conservation and management

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Studies of range-wide populations can contribute to the comprehension of the relative roles of historical events and contemporary factors that influence...     

一株卓贝尔氏菌F13-1好氧反硝化特性及其反硝化基因的初步研究

为获得高效好氧反硝化细菌,并研究这些细菌的脱氮特性以及好氧反硝化机理,采集了近海表层沉积物进行富集培养,分离获得一株具有高效好氧反硝化能力的菌株F13-1.结合生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株F13-1为卓贝尔氏菌(Zobellella sp.).在以葡萄糖为碳源,C/N比值为15,盐度为30,摇床转速160 r/min,p H值为7,28℃的最优脱氮条件下菌株F13-1脱氮效果较好,分别能将100 mg/dm3硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐在24和16 h内彻底脱除,脱除速率分别为:5.87 mg/(dm3·h)和5.97 mg/(dm3·h).并且菌株F13-1对高浓度亚硝酸盐具有较好的耐受性,能在高浓度亚硝酸盐存在条件下正常生长及脱氮,156 h内能将400 mg/dm3亚硝酸盐脱除完全.基因组分析表明,该菌株具有完整的反硝化基因簇,包括nap、nir、nor和nos等共17个基因.研究结果表明该菌株具有高效好氧反硝化特性,在养殖废水处理中具有较好的应用潜力.     

电容式霜露传感器自动化观测对比分析

霜露天气现象是气象观测中的重要观测内容,目前对霜露的观测多采用人工观测的方法,存在诸多弊端。本文在对电容式霜露传感器自动化观测原理进行简单介绍的基础上,重点对2014年9月至2014年12月4个月的设备试验数据进行了分析,把设备识别结果、人工观测结果以及标准器识别结果进行比对,结合设备安装地点周围的实际情况和温湿度信息,深入探讨了设备识别率、漏报率、错报率的变化情况以及导致设备识别率波动的原因。试验结果表明,电容式霜露传感器在一般自然环境中对霜露天气现象具有较好的识别率,在未来研究改进的基础上,具有应用于气象业务自动化观测的可能。     

沂蒙山区土壤质量地球化学评价方法

为建立山东省临沂市沂蒙山区特殊地质背景土壤质量评价方法,在沂南县西南部研究区采集各类土壤样品1 029件,均分析了N、P、K、Mn、B、Mo、Cu、Zn、Co、V、Ni、Sr、Tl、Ti、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Se、F、I、Ge、有机质、Na₂O、SiO₂、MgO、CaO质量分数及pH等29项指标。根据分析测试结果,建立了由土壤养分指标和环境指标组成的评价体系,并对该区土壤质量地球化学评价及其空间分布进行了研究。结果表明：研究区大部分土壤质量以良好、中等为主（土壤环境清洁,土壤养分丰富或中等）;研究区中部地区土壤肥力较好（w（N）>0.10%,w（P）>0.06%,w（K）>2.50%）,西南部、东北部山区土壤肥力较差（w（N）<0.075%）,土壤质量等级偏低。全区80%左右土壤的N元素、B元素、有机质均不足以满足常规农业生产需要,对常规作物生长不利。区内土壤环境质量水平总体较好,重金属元素分布受地质背景控制。     

RAPID applied to the SIM‐France model

SIM‐France is a large connected atmosphere/land surface/river/groundwater modelling system that simulates the water cycle throughout metropolitan France. The work presented in this study investigates the replacement of the river routing scheme in SIM‐France by a river network model called RAPID to enhance the capacity to relate simulated flows to river gauges and to take advantage of the automated parameter estimation procedure of RAPID. RAPID was run with SIM‐France over a 10‐year period and results compared with those of the previous river routing scheme. We found that while the formulation of RAPID enhanced the functionality of SIM‐France, the flow simulations are comparable in accuracy to those previously obtained by SIM‐France. Sub‐basin optimization of RAPID parameters was found to increase model efficiency. A single criterion for quantifying the quality of river flow simulations using several river gauges globally in a river network is developed that normalizes the square error of modelled flow to allow equal treatment of all gauging stations regardless of the magnitude of flow. The use of this criterion as the cost function for parameter estimation in RAPID allows better results than by increasing the degree of spatial variability in optimization of model parameters. Likewise, increased spatial variability of RAPID parameters through accounting for topography is shown to enhance model performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.