北斗三号卫星四频实时周跳探测与修复方法

针对北斗三号卫星可播发四频信号的特点,提出一种联合3个无几何相位组合和1个伪距相位组合的实时周跳探测与修复方法。首先探讨多频条件下的高质量组合,然后挑选3个无几何相位组合和1个伪距相位组合共同进行周跳探测,并利用LAMBDA方法实时修复周跳,最后采用不同观测条件下的实测数据对该方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明,该方法相比于三频条件受电离层延迟影响更小,可实时探测与修复四频观测数据中的周跳。     

Advances in the research on Carboniferous deep‐water marine deposits in western Junggar,northwestern China

Carboniferous deep‐water marine strata have been insufficiently studied in western Junggar, NW China where the deep‐water facies successions have long been disputed in terms of age constraints, sequence and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This paper introduces some views in the light of new materials obtained from this region in recent years. The presence of the Visean plant fossils from the upper Ta'erbahatai Formation in the Tarbgatay Mountains indicates that the formation can be extended to the Early Carboniferous epoch in age. This unit also displays obvious diachroneity, which is of Late Devonian to Early Tournaisian age in the Saur Mountains and Late Devonian to Visean age in the Tarbgatay Mountains. The Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are widely distributed in northwestern Karamay areas. The scouring structures and graded bedding near the boundaries between the three formations confirm the stratal sequence that they were originally assigned, namely the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations in ascending order. The ‘fossil chaos’ of the three formations is due to mistaking fossils of other stratigraphic units for fossils of these three formations. After revision, only the Early Carboniferous fossils are considered reliable, and combined with the newly found plant fossils, the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are re‐assigned to the early Visean, late Visean, and latest Visean to Serpukhovian ages, respectively. An extension of the lower Hala'alate Formation was recognized in the southwestern Hala'alate Mountains. The presence of the latest Early Carboniferous brachiopods constrains the Hala'alate Formation as late Serpukhovian to Bashkirian in age, bearing the mid‐Carboniferous boundary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constraints on ultracompact minihalos using neutrino signals from gravitino dark matter decay

Ultracompact dark matter minihalos(UCMHs) would be formed during the early universe if there were large density perturbations.If dark matter can decay into particles described by the standard model,such as neutrinos,these objects would become potential astrophysical sources of emission which could be detected by instruments such as IceCube.In this paper,we investigate neutrino signals from nearby UCMHs due to gravitino dark matter decay and compare these signals with the background neutrino flux which is mainly from the atmosphere to obtain constraints on the abundance of UCMHs.     

南海周边国家和地区集装箱港口网络体系与结构

选取南海周边国家和地区37个集装箱港口为研究对象,选用全球前八名船公司航线数据,就其现有航线分布构建二向网络,采用度数中心度、接近中心度、介数中心度及权利指数等复杂网络中心性指标和网络结构模型对其港口体系特征和网络结构进行研究,得出的结论主要有：1）近年来,南海沿线国家和地区间贸易愈加频繁,相关港口吞吐量不断增加,在世界集装箱港口体系内地位总体呈上升态势;各港吞吐量排名总体相对稳定,南海周边7国集装箱港口运力分布不均衡,主要集中在中国与新加坡沿线。2）深圳港、新加坡港、香港港、高雄港、青岛港与上海港等港航线较多,可与较多区域直接进行贸易往来,受其他港口联系影响较小;上海港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港等在国际集装箱航线中起重要的串联中介作用,对航运网络控制能力较强。3）基于港口吞吐规模与中心程度分异情况将港口网络地位分为4层。第一层为国际航线母港,包括上海港、新加坡港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港、青岛港与香港港;第二层为国际航线枢纽港,包括高雄港、丹戎帕拉帕斯港、厦门港、天津港、林查班港、巴生港与胡志明港,中心性发育程度较好;第三层为国际航线挂靠港,包括海防港、钦州港、大连港、丹绒布鲁港、马尼拉港、丹戎佩拉港、连云港、盖梅港、烟台港、营口港、日照港与福州港,港口相对中心度偏低,吞吐量相对受限;第四层为区域性喂给港,包括锦州港、太仓港、台中港、东莞港、唐山港、南京港、泉州港、南通港、珠海港、嘉兴港与海口港,因其地理区位特点成为较热门转运港口。4）整体港口网络可划分为4个港口社群。其中,社群一中心属性明显,社群二与其联通关系紧密,社群三是其喂给港群,社群四小世界属性明显,群内港口航线相对独立。     

皖东五河—凤阳地区钱台子金矿床黄铁矿标型特征及S-Pb同位素组成

岩石的变形机制和力学性质对认识活动断裂带的孕震机制和发震过程都具有重要意义。圣·安德列斯（San Andreas）转换断层是太平洋板块与北美板块的构造边界,也是重要的地震活动带,总结了美国南加州地震中心对圣·安德列斯断层钻孔断层岩的研究进展。对断层泥的高速摩擦实验发现：动力弱化现象只在高速滑移时才发生,伴随着摩擦生热,岩石的摩擦系数显著降低。断层泥中富镁黏土矿物的富集可以显著降低断层的摩擦系数,促进蠕滑,黏土矿物的不均一分布可导致断裂带变形行为和地震分布的突变。与断层泥和碎裂岩不同,粉碎岩形成于快速传播地震的断裂端部,具高孔隙率和高渗透率,流体活动性强。此外,断层岩的有机质成熟度可用来追溯古地震造成的热异常。在川滇中国地震科学实验场开展科学钻探项目,研究断层岩样品的显微结构、物理性质和变形历史,以期为理解大陆汇聚与转换挤压过程中复杂的地震活动提供重要信息。     

滇东富源古敢水族乡热水塘锶—氟—硅—氡型理疗热矿水的地球化学特征及成因

为支撑滇东富源县古敢水族乡热水塘温泉旅游的开发和可持续利用,通过采集区内水样进行水化学及环境同位素分析,对温泉的形成机理及其理疗价值进行了研究。结果表明：热水塘温泉温度为37. 8~42. 2 ℃,pH值为7. 24~7. 75,TDS（溶解固态物质总量）的质量浓度为1245~1840 mg/L,属于中低温弱碱性热矿水。温泉水中偏硅酸的质量浓度为48. 20~60. 57 mg/L,F为2. 86~2. 94mg/L,Sr为8. 60~14. 40mg/L,均达到了硅水、氟水、锶水的理疗水质标准,此外温泉水中222Rn浓度达到了129. 4 Bq/L,接近于氡水的理疗水质标准,具有较大的开发利用价值。热水塘温泉水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,阴离子以SO2-4、HCO-3为主,水化学类型为SO2-4—Ca2+·Mg2+型。石膏和碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解是控制热水塘温泉水化学特征的主要因素,其中石膏的溶解占据了主导地位。参与水岩反应的CO2的δ13C CO2（V- PDB）值为-11. 64‰~-14. 24‰,具有明显的沉积有机质来源特征。14C测年结果表明热水塘温泉年龄为 3291a BP,氢氧同位素特征表明热水塘温泉由大气降水补给,补给高程为2101. 9~2138. 3 m,补给区温度为5. 9~6. 2 ℃。利用硅—焓方程法计算得出热水塘温泉的冷水混合比例为0. 84~0. 89,综合硅—焓方程计算的热储温度和校正后的SiO2地热温标计算的热储温度,得出热水塘温泉的热储温度为173. 1~220. 3 ℃,循环深度为2059. 7~2661. 1 m。     

Analytical solutions for constant-rate test in bounded confined aquifers with non-Darcian effect

This paper proposes a simplified analytical solution considering non-Darcian and wellbore storage effect to investigate the pumping flow in a confined aquifer with barrier and recharge boundaries. The mathematical modelling for the pumping-induced flow in aquifers with different boundaries is developed by employing image-well theory with the superposition principle, of which the non-Darcian effect is characterized by Izbash’s equation. The solutions are derived by Boltzmann and dimensionless transformations. Then, the non-Darcian effect and wellbore storage are especially investigated according to the proposed solution. The results show that the aquifer boundaries have non-negligible effects on pumping, and ignoring the wellbore storage can lead to an over-estimation of the drawdown in the first 10 minutes of pumping. The higher the degree of non-Darcian, the smaller the drawdown.     

网络RTK对流层延迟内插模型精度分析

流动站与参考站间双差对流层延迟的精确改正是网络RTK技术的关键。本文采用河南省地基增强系统参考站网7个参考站的观测数据进行试验,选择LIM、LCM、LSM和KRG模型为研究对象,分析了各模型用于不同高差水平流动站对流层延迟改正的效果。试验结果表明：4种常用内插模型中,LIM和KRG模型对流动站对流层延迟改正的精度较优。流动站与主参考站高差达到400 m时,对于低高度角卫星,模型内插精度降低到分米级,不满足用户流动站高精度定位需求。     

Determination of Hf–Sr–Nd isotopic ratios by MC-ICP-MS using rapid acid digestion after flux-free fusion in geological materials

In this study, we established a rapid acid digestion for determining Hf–Sr–Nd isotopic ratios of geological samples by using MC-ICP-MS. Conditions of 1600 °C for 1 min and 1400 °C for 1 min were adopted for fusing intrusive rocks and extrusive rocks, respectively. The rapid acid digestion technique is superior in digestion time compared with high-pressure PTFE bomb method. The procedural blanks of the method were also lower than that flux fusion. Replicate analyses of international certified reference materials (CRMs) indicate that isotopic ratios of ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd agree well with previously published data. The external reproducibility (2SD, n = 5) of ten CRMs are ±0.000030 for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ±0.000030 for ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, and ±0.000018 for ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf.