裂变径迹年龄多成分分离技术及其在沉积盆地物源分析中的应用

在沉积岩样品的单颗粒裂变径迹年龄测试中,常常出现同一个样品的径迹年龄可能由多个不同年龄组分构成的情况。当样品的年龄未能通过 χ2检验时,就必须对样品的年龄进行进一步的多成分分析。本文介绍的最大似然估计方法就是一种有效的年龄成分分离技术。应用这一技术,我们对苏北盆地JSG井的 3个岩心样品 (JSG1、JSG2、JSG3)的 144个磷灰石单颗粒矿物年龄进行了多成分分离,表明上述三个样品实际上是由年龄值分别为 70Ma和 16 7Ma左右的两个成分组成的。这两组年龄的存在表明沉积时存在两个不同的物源区,两组径迹年龄反映的则是磷灰石碎屑颗粒在物源区最后一次达到完全退火温度 (大于 12 0°C)的时间。     

气候变化对江苏省小麦生产的可能影响

根据国内外研究结果综合分析,得到ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省温度、降水的变化值,初步确定了ＣＯ２倍增时江苏省小麦生长季内的可能气候情景。分析未来ＣＯ２倍增时对小麦作物的直接影响、间接影响及紫外辐射影响。具体估算了温度升高、降水增加、ＣＯ２浓度上升、紫外辐射增强后江苏省小麦生育期不变和生育期缩短两种情景下的气候生产潜力,并由此分析了气候变暖对江苏省不同地区的利弊影响。结果表明：江北大部分地区小麦产量有所增加,     

小麦生育期计算机模拟系统初步研究

在小麦生长发育的数值模拟研究的基础上,将小麦生育期划分为４个阶段,分别制定了数学模型中和子程序,确定模型的参数,模拟出每一阶段的生育期天数,并且就每一阶段的温光条件对生育期各阶段的影响给出了分析与决策,该系统对了解小麦生长发育与气象条件的定量关系,对不同发育期小麦采取有效的措施具有参考意义,也是计算机应用小麦生产的一种尝试,系统采用中文菜单操作,界面友好,可人机交互,结构化,模块化技术使系统具有蝗     

Carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice-wheat rotation as affected by crop residue incorporation and temperature

Field measurements were made from June 2001 to May 2002 to evaluate the effect of crop residue application and temperature on CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions within an entire rice-wheat rotation season.Rapeseed cake and wheat straw were incorporated into the soil at a rate of 2.25 t hm-2 when the rice crop was transplanted in June 2001. Compared with the control, the incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O in the rice-growing season by 12.3%, 252.3%, and 17.5%,respectively, while no further effect was held on the emissions of CO2 and N2O in the following wheatgrowing season. The incorporation of wheat straw enhanced the emissions of CO2 and CH4 by 7.1%and 249.6%, respectively, but reduced the N2O emission by 18.8% in the rice-growing season. Significant reductions of 17.8% for the CO2 and of 12.9% for the N2O emission were observed in the following wheatgrowing season. A positive correlation existed between the emissions of N2O and CO2 (R2 = 0.445, n =73, p ＜ 0.001) from the rice-growing season when N2O was emitted. A trade-off relationship between the emissions of CH4 and N2O was found in the rice-growing season. The CH4 emission was significantly correlated with the CO2 emission for the period from rice transplantation to field drainage, but not for the entire rice-growing season. In addition, air temperature was found to regulate the CO2 emissions from the non-waterlogged period over the entire rice-wheat rotation season and the N2O emissions from the nonwaterlogged period of the rice-growing season, which can be quantitatively described by an exponential function. The temperature coefficient (Q10) was then evaluated to be 2.3±0.2 for the CO2 emission and 3.9±0.4 for the N2O emission, respectively.     

北斗三号卫星四频实时周跳探测与修复方法

针对北斗三号卫星可播发四频信号的特点,提出一种联合3个无几何相位组合和1个伪距相位组合的实时周跳探测与修复方法。首先探讨多频条件下的高质量组合,然后挑选3个无几何相位组合和1个伪距相位组合共同进行周跳探测,并利用LAMBDA方法实时修复周跳,最后采用不同观测条件下的实测数据对该方法的有效性进行验证。结果表明,该方法相比于三频条件受电离层延迟影响更小,可实时探测与修复四频观测数据中的周跳。     

青藏高原东缘不同人工林替代乡土灌木对地被物水文特征的影响

尽管森林地被物在保水与养分循环中扮演重要角色,但我们仍然对由植被转换引起的森林地被物的变化缺乏了解。为评价不同人工林替代乡土灌丛对森林地被物水文特性的影响,我们选择了4种人工林（连香树Cercidiphyllum japonicum[Cj],油松Pinus tabulaeformis[Pt],华山松Pinus armandi[Pa],落叶松Larix kaempferi[Lk]）,以次生乡土灌丛（QC）（Quercus liaotungensis和Corylus heterophylla var.sutchuenensis为优势种）为对照。人工林种植于1987年,初始密度为2500株ha-1。我们发现针叶人工林地被物厚度和贮量明显大于次生灌丛地和阔叶人工林地。地被物最大持水量在各林地之间差异与厚度和贮量显示相同的趋势,我们认为其主要贡献因子为林地凋落物数量及单位重量凋落物的最大持水量差异。地被物吸水过程和吸水速率与浸泡时间分别呈对数与指数回归关系。吸水过程在各植被之间与地被物各层次之间明显不同,主要受各植被的凋落物叶结构与分解程度影响。我们的结果显示针叶林地被物储量明显高于阔叶林,这说明以针叶树种为优势的林地大量养分滞留在凋落物中,难于返还土壤被植物利用,同时,半分解层（F）和分解层（H）最大持水能力高于未分解层（L）,因此,改善林地微环境,促进L层地被物向F和H层转化,是改善人工林地被物水文功能的主要方法之一。     

南海周边国家和地区集装箱港口网络体系与结构

选取南海周边国家和地区37个集装箱港口为研究对象,选用全球前八名船公司航线数据,就其现有航线分布构建二向网络,采用度数中心度、接近中心度、介数中心度及权利指数等复杂网络中心性指标和网络结构模型对其港口体系特征和网络结构进行研究,得出的结论主要有：1）近年来,南海沿线国家和地区间贸易愈加频繁,相关港口吞吐量不断增加,在世界集装箱港口体系内地位总体呈上升态势;各港吞吐量排名总体相对稳定,南海周边7国集装箱港口运力分布不均衡,主要集中在中国与新加坡沿线。2）深圳港、新加坡港、香港港、高雄港、青岛港与上海港等港航线较多,可与较多区域直接进行贸易往来,受其他港口联系影响较小;上海港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港等在国际集装箱航线中起重要的串联中介作用,对航运网络控制能力较强。3）基于港口吞吐规模与中心程度分异情况将港口网络地位分为4层。第一层为国际航线母港,包括上海港、新加坡港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港、青岛港与香港港;第二层为国际航线枢纽港,包括高雄港、丹戎帕拉帕斯港、厦门港、天津港、林查班港、巴生港与胡志明港,中心性发育程度较好;第三层为国际航线挂靠港,包括海防港、钦州港、大连港、丹绒布鲁港、马尼拉港、丹戎佩拉港、连云港、盖梅港、烟台港、营口港、日照港与福州港,港口相对中心度偏低,吞吐量相对受限;第四层为区域性喂给港,包括锦州港、太仓港、台中港、东莞港、唐山港、南京港、泉州港、南通港、珠海港、嘉兴港与海口港,因其地理区位特点成为较热门转运港口。4）整体港口网络可划分为4个港口社群。其中,社群一中心属性明显,社群二与其联通关系紧密,社群三是其喂给港群,社群四小世界属性明显,群内港口航线相对独立。     

越冬花椰菜气候适应性研究及灾害防御技术

2002~2004年试验研究结果表明,越冬花椰菜幼苗期适宜温度为15~25℃,最低温度5~7℃,最高温度25~30℃。莲座期适宜温度为4~20℃,最低-1~-3℃,最高21~22℃。花球形成期适宜温度一般为14~21℃,最低8~10℃,最高21~30℃。花椰菜生育期耗水量在767.2~933.5 mm之间,水分利用效率最高,超过950 mm或低于510 mm水分利用效率均显著降低。花椰菜生育期间低温冷害和高温伤害是造成减产和品质降低的主要气象灾害。     

Advances in the research on Carboniferous deep‐water marine deposits in western Junggar,northwestern China

Carboniferous deep‐water marine strata have been insufficiently studied in western Junggar, NW China where the deep‐water facies successions have long been disputed in terms of age constraints, sequence and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This paper introduces some views in the light of new materials obtained from this region in recent years. The presence of the Visean plant fossils from the upper Ta'erbahatai Formation in the Tarbgatay Mountains indicates that the formation can be extended to the Early Carboniferous epoch in age. This unit also displays obvious diachroneity, which is of Late Devonian to Early Tournaisian age in the Saur Mountains and Late Devonian to Visean age in the Tarbgatay Mountains. The Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are widely distributed in northwestern Karamay areas. The scouring structures and graded bedding near the boundaries between the three formations confirm the stratal sequence that they were originally assigned, namely the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations in ascending order. The ‘fossil chaos’ of the three formations is due to mistaking fossils of other stratigraphic units for fossils of these three formations. After revision, only the Early Carboniferous fossils are considered reliable, and combined with the newly found plant fossils, the Xibeikulasi, Baogutu and Tailegula formations are re‐assigned to the early Visean, late Visean, and latest Visean to Serpukhovian ages, respectively. An extension of the lower Hala'alate Formation was recognized in the southwestern Hala'alate Mountains. The presence of the latest Early Carboniferous brachiopods constrains the Hala'alate Formation as late Serpukhovian to Bashkirian in age, bearing the mid‐Carboniferous boundary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Constraints on ultracompact minihalos using neutrino signals from gravitino dark matter decay

Ultracompact dark matter minihalos(UCMHs) would be formed during the early universe if there were large density perturbations.If dark matter can decay into particles described by the standard model,such as neutrinos,these objects would become potential astrophysical sources of emission which could be detected by instruments such as IceCube.In this paper,we investigate neutrino signals from nearby UCMHs due to gravitino dark matter decay and compare these signals with the background neutrino flux which is mainly from the atmosphere to obtain constraints on the abundance of UCMHs.