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111.
海城7.3级地震前地震波动力学特征量的异常变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文给出对海城7.3级地震前地震波动力学特征量变化的一些最新研究结果。所研究的地震波包括体波(P,S波)、尾波和短周期地脉动三类。特征量有:体波与地脉动的波形时间线性度和空间线性度,平均半周期,频谱的峰值频率、拐角频率、相对频带宽度、相对频谱峰值、高频段的谱线斜率绝对值;尾波的时间熵、振幅比、持续时间、观测与计算持续时间差及其二阶差分、Q_c值、反映介质混浊度与震源特性的系数a_c等。所得结果表明,三类地震波的上述动力学特征量大都在震前一至半年左右出现、有的在6-10天乃至一天以内出现过不同形态的阶段性异常变化,因而可看作海城地震的中短期和临震的地震波前兆异常指标。 相似文献
112.
Electrical properties of rocks depend on composition (i.e. bulk properties of the constituents), micro structure (i.e. geometrical arrangement of the constituents) and interfacial effects. We consider here a rock as a three component system — grains, pores, and interfaces — in order to account for the observed behaviour. We review first the main results relative to DC. conductivity. Surface conductivity effects show up clearly in the case of shaly formations or at low salinities. Although Archies' law (1942) and Waxman and Smits model (1968) are widely used, a more physically based model is that of Johnson and Sen (1988). We review also the variable frequency conductivity (complex conductivity) data and models. The important effect in that case is the enhancement of the dielectric constant at low frequencies (Knight and Nur, 1987) which can be interpreted as a geometrical effect although electrochemical interactions may also play an important role at low frequencies, depending on the rock type. 相似文献
113.
昂仁组是一套复理石和类复理石沉积,含晚白垩世土伦期的菊石Mammites[1,2],但因未发现直接的上覆地层和化石稀少而不能肯定是否还包括晚于土伦期或至早第三纪的沉积[1,3]。1980年,笔者在昂仁、萨噶一带的昂仁组中采到瓣鳃、腹足化石;我局区调队在仲巴县错江顶一带,发现连续沉积于昂仁组之上,整合于下第三系之下一套含Masstrichtian期菊石(Sphenodiscus)的杂色地层。本文报道这一发现和对昂仁组时代问题的认识(图1)。 相似文献
114.
In this paper, we present a new approach to estimate high-resolution teleseismic receiver functions using a simultaneous iterative time-domain sparse deconvolution. This technique improves the deconvolution by using reweighting strategies based on a Cauchy criterion. The resulting sparse receiver functions enhance the primary converted phases and its multiples. To test its functionality and reliability, we applied this approach to synthetic experiments and to seismic data recorded at station ABU, in Japan. Our results show Ps conversions at approximately 4.0 s after the primary P onset, which are consistent with other seismological studies in this area. We demonstrate that the sparse deconvolution is a simple, efficient technique in computing receiver functions with significantly greater resolution than conventional approaches. 相似文献
115.
Dev Niyogi Hsin-I Chang Fei Chen Lianhong Gu Anil Kumar Surabi Menon Roger A. Pielke Sr. 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(2):345-359
Aerosols can affect the cloud-radiation feedback and the precipitation over the Indian monsoon region. In this paper, we propose
that another pathway by which aerosols can modulate the multi-scale aspect of Indian monsoons is by altering the land–atmosphere
interactions. The nonlinear feedbacks due to aerosol/diffuse radiation on coupled interactions over the Indian monsoon region
are studied by: (1) reviewing recent field measurements and modeling studies, (2) analyzing the MODIS and AERONET aerosol
optical depth datasets, and (3) diagnosing the results from sensitivity experiments using a mesoscale modeling system. The
results of this study suggest that the large magnitude of aerosol loading and its impact on land–atmosphere interactions can
significantly influence the mesoscale monsoonal characteristics in the Indo-Ganges Basin. 相似文献
116.
A simplified approach for vulnerability assessment in moderate-to-low seismic hazard regions: application to Grenoble (France) 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
Philippe Guéguen Clotaire Michel Laele LeCorre 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2007,5(3):467-490
Due to the moderate seismic risks in France, the building vulnerability assessment methods developed for high seismic risk
countries could not easily be used here because of their cost and the low-risk perception among the public and officials.
A light vulnerability assessment method is proposed and tested in Grenoble (France), based on classes and scores provided
in the GNDT method but simplified in terms of visual screening and number of structural parameters used. Compared to the RiskUE
method, the damage obtained by our approach shows that 90% of buildings have residuals smaller than 0.2, i.e. one grade of
the EMS98 damage scale. A large scale survey is devised and conducted among the inhabitants of Grenoble in order to collect
the main structural parameters. By comparing the results from the survey to the historical urbanization of Grenoble and to
expert surveys performed in two urban districts, the information useful for the light method of vulnerability assessment can
be rapidly collected by non-experts reducing substantially the estimate cost. The average damage is then computed using the
GNDT formula considering the probable intensities which could be observed in Grenoble (VII and VIII). The average damage reaches
0.4 in the oldest part of Grenoble mainly made of masonry buildings and 0.2 in reinforced concrete suburbs where reinforced
concrete predominates. The results are a relative vulnerability assessment that provides useful initial information for the
urban zones of Grenoble where the vulnerability is higher. This method can be used to classify the seismic vulnerability in
wide seismic-prone regions to a fair degree of accuracy and at low cost. 相似文献
117.
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119.
A new method is proposed to inverse normalization data of hidden variables in a dynamical system by embedding a time series
in multidimensional spaces and applying a normalization analysis to the conditional probability density of points in the reconstructed
phase spaces. The method is robust in the application to Lorenz system and 4-dimensional R?ssler system by testing quantitatively
and qualitatively the correlation coefficient between inverse data and original data in time domain and in frequency domain,
respectively. By applying the method to analyzing the South China Sea data, the normalization data of wind speed is extracted
from the sea surface temperature time series. 相似文献
120.