格尔木地磁台观测环境测试与分析

通过实验测试和计算，分析了高压输出电线等干扰源对格尔木地磁台观测环境的影响，进一步对格尔木地磁台观测环境现状，及今后观测环境保护工作的要点进行了综合分析讨论。     

数字化气氡观测干扰因素的分析研究

在进行地下流体数字化气氡观测及将观测资料应用于震情分析的过程中 ,发现某些干扰因素对数字化气氡观测和水氡的影响不同。在目前所用观测仪器和方法的条件下 ,气温对气氡值的影响系数为 - 0 4 % /℃ ;气压对气氡测值的影响系数为 0 1% /hPa ;不同类型的气水分离装置对气氡观测的影响很显著 ;同一含水层的井 (泉 )出水量的短期变化可引起观测水井流量的变化 ,但对气氡测值影响不显著 ;气氡测值对逸出气流量的变化反映不明显 ;逸出气含有杂质及气路泄漏等均会引起测值的下降。结合仪器的工作原理 ,对干扰产生的机制以及排除的方法进行了讨论     

Contemporary crustal deformation of the Chinese continent and tectonic block model

We obtain the preliminary result of crustal deformation velocity field for the Chinese continent by analyzing GPS data from the Crustal Motion Observation Network of China (CMONOC), particularly the data from the regional networks of CMONOC observed in 1999 and 2001. We delineate 9 technically active blocks and 2 broadly distributed deformation zones out of a dense GPS velocity field, and derive block motion Euler poles for the blocks and their relative motion rates. Our result reveals that there are 3 categories of deformation patterns in the Chinese continent. The first category, associated with the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan orogenic belt, shows broadly distributed deformation within the regions. The third category, associated with the Tarim Basin and the region east of the north-south seismic belt of China, shows block-like motion, with deformation accommodated along the block boundaries only. The second category, mainly associated with the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the Qaidam, Qilian, Xining (in eastern Qinghai), and the Diamond-shaped (in western Sichuan and Yunnan) blocks, has the deformation pattern between the first and the third, i.e. these regions appear to deform block-like, but with smaller sizes and less strength for the blocks. Based on the analysis of the lithospheric structures and the deformation patterns of the regions above, we come to the inference that the deformation modes of the Chinese continental crust are mainly controlled by the crustal structure. The crust of the eastern China and the Tarim Basin is mechanically strong, and its deformation takes the form of relative motion between rigid blocks. On the other hand, the northward indentation of the Indian plate into the Asia continent has created the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the Tianshan Mountains, thickened their crust, and raised the temperature in the crust. The lower crust thus has become ductile, evidenced in low seismic velocity and high electric conductivity observed. The brittle part of the crust, driven by the visco-plastic flow of the lower crust, deforms extensively at all scales. The regions of the second category located at the borderland of the Tibetan Plateau are at the transition zone between the regions of the first and the third categories in terms of the crustal structure. Driven by the lateral boundary forces, their deformation style is also between the two, in the form of block motion and deformation with smaller blocks and less internal strength.     

极谱催化波测定天然水中微量锗的研究

系统研究了Ｇｅ－ＡＲＳ－Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４－Ｖ体系报道极谱催化波的影响因素，测定了Ｇｅ－ＡＲＳ－Ｈ２Ｃ２Ｏ４三元配合物的配合比为１：２：１。实验初步证明了该体系催化波为具有吸附性质的平行催化波。本法检出限为０．１４ｍｇ．ｍＬ＾－１，相对标准偏差小于９．８９％，标准回收率为９３．７０％－１０９．０％，０－５０ｍｇ．ｍＬ＾－１的锗具有良好的线性关系。     

一次龙卷过程的多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析

利用WSR-98D多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析了2003年7月8日发生在安徽省无为县境内的一次龙卷过程。此次龙卷产生于低空急流左侧，动力、热力条件均为较有利的大尺度环境，多普勒雷达回波分析发现，龙卷起源于中高层向低层发展的中-γ尺度气旋中。闪电定位资料分析表明，龙卷发生前10min闪电活动开始频繁。龙卷出现后负地闪明显加大，且龙卷闪电存在于雷暴的发展后期、成熟和消亡阶段。此次龙卷的一些基本特征与通常结论有所不同，(1)雷达反射率因子小于通常结论；(2)龙卷风暴发展高度不是很高，回波顶高仅6～9km，类似于普通雷暴；(3)闪电活动中以负地闪为主，正地闪较少，并未出现正地闪一度占主导地位的现象。     

Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from Wastewater Using Acidified Sewage Sludge Ash

Sewage sludge ash (SSA), the waste generated in sewage sludge incineration, was obtained from Wuhan Sewage Treatment Plant and used as a low-cost sorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from wastewaters. The sorbent was first modified with 5 % sulfuric acid to increase its sorption capacity. The specific surface area, porosity, cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and pHZPC of the sorbent were measured. Batch experiments were made to study the effect of contact time, solution pH value and temperature on sorption. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models well described the Cu(Ⅱ) sorption process, with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.993 4 and 0.989 9 respectively. And the sorption process follows the Lagergren first order kinetic model. The equilibrium sorption capacity of acidified SSA to Cu(Ⅱ) is estimated to be 7.78 mg/g under optimal conditions.     

江汉--洞庭湖平原区构造沉降GPS监测的试验与研究

地质构造沉降是地壳的一个长期、缓慢运动过程。开展区域性地质构造沉降GPS监测研究，对地质调查具有十分重要的意义。介绍了高精度GPS高程测量在江汉～洞庭湖平原区构造沉降观测中的数据处理方法，并得出了一些有益的结论。     

南海海岛自动气象站防护应用技术探索

立足海南及南海的自然条件,结合海岛自动气象站在南海高温、高湿、高盐雾、强辐射、强风等恶劣气候环境下使用情况,通过对历年来海岛自动气象站故障及失效模式的统计和分析,总结分析故障原因。根据设备维护人员多年气象设备保障工作积累总结的经验,从海岛自动气象站结构和防护要求出发,集成应用市场上优质材料、先进工艺和多种成熟、关键设备防护技术,形成一些气象设备防护的有效方法措施,以提高海岛自动气象站对海洋环境的适应性和性能,延长设备使用寿命。     

珠江三角洲城市大气中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析和健康风险评估

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)是广泛存在于大气中的一类毒害有机污染物.本研究采集了2018年冬、夏两季珠江三角洲9个地级市的气态和颗粒态(PM2.5)样品,分析了16种美国国家环境保护局优先控制PAHs的浓度水平和时空变化,并结合PM2.5相中的有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和左旋葡聚糖浓度,使用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型对PAHs进行了来源解析.∑16 PAHs的气相浓度范围为7.08～284.08 ng/m3,PM2.5相浓度范围为0.30～17.00 ng/m3,两相总浓度(37.48±41.53)ng/m3.季节特征上,∑16 PAHs气相浓度为夏高冬低,PM2.5相浓度则呈现冬高夏低,总∑16 PAHs浓度呈夏高冬低.比值法和PMF源解析结果发现,珠江三角洲9个典型城市大气的PAHs主要来自生物质燃烧(57％)、煤炭燃烧(30％)和机动车尾气排放(13％).城市周边生物质燃烧引致的PAHs污染仍需重视.健康风险评价表明,珠江三角洲大气PAHs致癌等效浓度处于较低水平(0.30～1.89 ng/m3),主要由苯并[a]芘贡献(>45％),建议重点关注.     

微生物-CMC无固相钻井液固壁作用与机理初探

松散破碎性地层孔壁失稳一直是困扰钻探工程界的难题之一,增强该类地层的胶结性,提高其力学性能是有效解决孔壁失稳的技术关键。本文将微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术与CMC无固相钻井液相结合,构建微生物-CMC无固相钻井液体系。通过岩心浸泡实验、X射线衍射实验（XRD）以及扫描电镜分析两种微观分析手段对微生物-CMC无固相钻井液的固壁作用与机理进行了初探。结果表明：微生物-CMC无固相钻井液对松散破碎性地层具有较明显的加固作用,且作用时间越长,初始菌种浓度越高,钙源浓度越大,固壁效果越好。在固壁过程中,微生物随钻井液渗透进入试样内部,在松散颗粒之间诱导生成碳酸钙晶体,填充孔隙空间,将松散颗粒胶结成整体,并具有一定的力学强度,从而达到加固孔壁的目的。本研究结果为解决松散破碎性地层孔壁失稳提供了新的钻井液技术方案。