RegCM-Dust模式对东亚一次沙尘暴天气过程模拟的效果检验

为检验区域气候模式与沙尘模式耦合模式RegCM Dust的性能,以2006年东亚地区一次沙尘暴过程为例,将模拟结果与观测资料进行对比,以检验模式对沙尘天气过程的模拟能力。结果表明：模式对沙尘暴过程的地面风场特征模拟效果较好,总体上重现了大风区的分布;地面沙尘浓度和沙尘光学厚度模拟结果与观测分布总体吻合。模式虽然是区域气候模式与沙尘模式耦合模式,但由于其内核是建立在中尺度数值模式MM4基础上,因此对天气过程尤其是沙尘天气过程具备较好的把握能力,对于沙尘天气过程预测具有良好的应用前景。     

飞机积冰过程的诊断分析及强度预报建模

利用NCEP再分析数据和观测数据,对2000年6月6日甘肃省人工增雨作业时的一次飞机积冰过程进行诊断分析,利用WRF模式对72个飞机积冰实例的天气过程进行了数值模拟,在此基础上结合飞机飞行速度建立了积冰强度预报模型,通过统计分析和拟合得到预报模型的参数,并利用飞机实测报告对该模型的预报效果进行了回报检验。结果表明,该模型对飞机积冰强度的预报准确率为69.44%,强度预报结果偏弱占比25%,偏强占比5.56%。     

冲断构造带深层变形的空间分布规律——以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例

传统上认为前陆冲断带内部的背斜构造具有"成排成带分段"的特征,在表观认识和宏观尺度上讲,容易理解这一特征,并且通过"成排成带分段"的解剖,直接为含油气区带评价和地震解释方案的落实提供指导作用。随着前陆冲断带深层结构的精细解剖和三维空间内构造变形的准确刻画,发现前陆冲断带深层构造变形的分布并非成排成带分段的特征,褶皱构造的发育与分布明显受前陆冲断构造位移量及各个断层位移量的大小所控制,各个断层控制的逆冲岩席在垂向上相互叠置、侧向上交叉对接、走向上错落有致, 3D立体空间内由多个次级弧形体组成鳞片状分布。本文以中国天然气勘探最为成功、勘探资料最为详实的库车坳陷克拉苏构造带为例,通过地震剖面精细构造解释,揭示出构造变形的运动学特征及其构造位移量在传播过程中的分异和转换,进而控制冲断带内部构造岩席的生长发育和空间展布特征,并在3D立体空间内揭示冲断岩席受构造位移量的控制而成鳞片状分布的规律,控制这一分布规律的主控因素是冲断构造位移量与冲断岩席长度之间定量的几何关系。这一认识提升了油气藏评价和构造圈闭描述的精度。     

Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang

Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially.     

Traffic accessibility and the coupling degree of ecosystem services supply and demand in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The spatial relationships between traffic accessibility and supply and demand (S&D) of ecosystem services (ESs) are essential for the formulation of...     

Effect of Collisions and Magnetic Convergence on Electron Acceleration and Transport in Reconnecting Twisted Solar Flare Loops

We study a model of particle acceleration coupled with an MHD model of magnetic reconnection in unstable twisted coronal loops. The kink instability leads to the formation of helical currents with strong parallel electric fields resulting in electron acceleration. The motion of electrons in the electric and magnetic fields of the reconnecting loop is investigated using a test-particle approach taking into account collisional scattering. We discuss the effects of Coulomb collisions and magnetic convergence near loop footpoints on the spatial distribution and energy spectra of high-energy electron populations and possible implications on the hard X-ray emission in solar flares.     

中国南极维多利亚地新站气象特征分析

中国南极新站选择在维多利亚地特拉诺瓦湾难言岛上进行建设,其气象环境状况是开展科学研究的基础工作,也是考察队员生命安全保障的基础资料。因此,通过2013年度难言岛气象站的观测资料,结合附近地区历史气象资料,对该区域气象要素特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)由于地处罗斯海与东南极冰盖交界处,难言岛年均气压为987.8 h Pa,与中山站非常接近;(2)年均温为-16.1℃,最低气温为-39.3℃,且冬季气温波动较大,标准差可达±6.0℃;(3)年均相对湿度为42.1%,年均比湿为0.6 g·kg-1且冬季比湿极低,空气非常干燥,降水量非常低;(4)盛行风向为WNW,5—7级风出现频率超过50%,但夏季风速明显低于冬季风速,一般不超过8.0 m·s~(-1),有利于中国在夏季开展工程建设和补给;(5)难言岛年总辐射量为3 342.8 MJ·m~(-2),明显低于中山站,但两站反照率非常接近。     

Auto-registration and orthorecification algorithm for the time series HJ-1A/B CCD images

How to deal with geometric distortion is an open problem when using the massive amount of satellite images at a national or global scale,especially for multi-temporal image analysis.In this paper,an algorithm is proposed to automatically rectify the geometric distortion of time-series CCD multispectral data of small constellation for environmental and disaster mitigation(HJ-1A/B) which was launched by China in 2008.In this algorithm,the area-based matching method was used to automatically search tie points firstly,and then the polynomial function was introduced to correct the systematic errors caused by the satellite motion along the roll,pitch and yaw direction.The improved orthorectification method was finally used to correct pixel displacement caused by off-nadir viewing of topography,which are random errors in the images and cannot be corrected by the polynomial equation.Nine scenes of level 2 HJ CCD images from one path/row were taken as the warp images to test the algorithm.The test result showed that the overall accuracy of the proposed algorithm was within 2 pixels(the average residuals were 37.8 m,and standard deviations were 19.8 m).The accuracies of 45.96% validation points(VPs) were within 1 pixel and 90.33% VPs were within 2 pixels.The discussion showed that three main factors including the distortion patterns of HJ CCD images,percent of cloud cover and the varying altitude of the satellite orbit may affect the search of tie points and the accuracy of results.Although the influence of varying altitude of the satellite orbits is less than the other factors,it is noted that detailed satellite altitude information should be given in the future to get a more precise result.The proposed algorithm should be an efficient tool for the geo-correction of HJ CCD multi-spectral images.     

基于强震动记录测定近场地震参数方法研究

本文基于大理州的23个强震动台2007年以来记录的11组3.5级以上近场地震共51条强震记录,根据数字地震仪台网系统测定地震参数的基本原理,讨论了通过强震动台网测定近场地震参数的方法,并对测定近场地震参数的计算机软件MDEPS系统的编制进行了介绍。     

全国异常高温酷热 淮河出现暴雨洪涝—2000年7月—

7月份 ,东北地区东部、华北中南部、淮河、汉水流域及西南地区大部、华南东部的降水量接近常年或偏多 ,黄淮的一些地区发生不同程度的暴雨洪涝灾害 ;全国其余大部地区降水显著偏少 ,气温偏高 ,京、津、晋、内蒙古、辽、甘、青及新疆大部出现持续高温酷热天气。本月共有 4个热带风暴生成 ,其中一强热带风暴在我国登陆。1　天气概况　　 7月 ,主要雨带位于东北东部、河北南部、黄淮中西部、汉水流域、西南大部以及华南东部等地 ,东北地区东部、华北平原中南部、汉水流域、西南地区大部、华南大部月降水量一般有 1 0 0～ 30 0 mm,部分地区达 30…