缺震曲线在地震活动性分析中的应用

首先介绍了缺震曲线的定义,接着简单介绍了河北省及邻近地区地震活动的概况,然后结合基于场兆特征的多窗长综合分析,对河北省及邻近地区的地震活动性进行了统计分析,最后对地震活动性分析的结果进行了总结。     

计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案

目前,国内外时间传递方式主要有长波授时、短波地、电话授时、双星比对、ＧＰＳ时间信息等。信息产业的不断发展,使得互联网络已成为一种新的信息传递手段和资源共享方式 。通过计算机网络传输标准时间、频率将是授时领域的新课题,也是时间同步的新手段。讨论了计算机互联网上时间传递的一种设计方案,给出利用计算机网络系统实现标准时间的传递的具体方法,并介绍一种计算机互联网时间传递软件的使用方法等。     

光学选类星体样本的光变

利用测光数据研究时间跨度为１８年的光学选类星样本的光变,发现此样本的光变比例约４０％。还发现光变类星体的光变幅与光度反相关,即光度越大,光变越小;且光变幅与红移可能有相关性。     

2000～2004年天津市大气污染特征分析

根据天津市2000～2004年的环境监测资料和同期气象资料,对天津市大气污染物浓度变化的时空变化特征、大气污染与天气条件的关系进行了研究。结果表明:天津市大气污染物具有明显的时空分布规律,时间上表现为冬强夏弱,年际之间SO2和PM10浓度减轻,NO2变化不大。空间上表现为SO2和PM10在中心城区改善明显,NO2浓度在局部地区仍在增加。天气形势、城市热岛、逆温和混合层高度等对污染物浓度影响很大。     

吉林西部地区高砷地下水砷的阈值分析及风险评价

高砷地下水导致的砷中毒是吉林西部地区近年来新发现的地方病。为评价饮用水中砷对人体健康产生的潜在危害,在野外调查、采样分析的基础上,开展了水砷安全阈值分析 ,确定了砷的总质量浓度0.05 mg/L为研究区的水砷安全阈值,建立了地下水健康风险评价模型,进行了地下水砷健康风险评价。结果表明:研究区地下水砷引起的个人年均风险度最高达2.11×10^-3 a^-1,其中高砷的第四系承压水中97.06%的采样点水砷对人体的个人年均致癌风险度,大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值5.0×10^-5 a^-1;作为备用水源的第三系大安组、泰康组承压水69.57%采样点砷的致癌风险度也超过最大可接受风险水平。通过对风险度评价结果与砷中毒病情等资料的对比分析,风险评价结果与砷中毒病情基本一致,验证了评价结果的合理性。     

山东小清河流域湖泊的环境变迁

小清河流域为西起济南,东至渤海湾,南缘泰鲁沂山地北麓,北界黄河之间的区域。在史前及历史时期,小清河流域湖泊广布,在地层沉积记录和古文献记载中均得以证明。这些湖泊形成于早全新世,在中全新世达到鼎盛,晚全新世以来湖泊逐渐衰退与消亡,如原来存在的鹊山湖、浒山湖、清水泊等湖泊,这在古文献中也多有记载,现已在平原上消失。本文着重对麻大湖、锦秋湖、白云湖等的历史演变进行了探讨。通过查阅历史文献、地层剖面分析、地名考证等多种途径和方法对小清河流域的湖泊消失的原因进行了研究和分析。认为在气候变干的大背景下,湖泊消失的原因主要有两个：一是黄河泛滥所造成的小清河流域的泥沙淤积;二是疏浚河道、围湖造田、过渡利用水资源等人类活动的影响。研究本区湖泊的形成与消亡,对恢复古环境、探讨其演变过程有着重要的意义。     

The wavelets and hierarchies of the climate system

Summary Wavelet analysis of global mean temperature data, the drought-flood data of the past 500 years in China, and the temperature time series of Shanghai, highlights the following: (1) the climatic wavelets depend on the hierarchies of a climate system; (2) for different time scales or hierarchies, a climate system may have different catastrophic points and periods; (3) for different time scales or hierarchies, variation of the Southern Hemisphere temperature has an obvious phase-lag compared with that of the Northern Hemisphere and the catastrophe points also lag behind; (4) in a cold-warm period, the cold semi-period of the Northern Hemisphere is obviously longer than the warm one; (5) for different hierarchies or time scales, there exists a phase-lag for the droughtflood variation in China moving gradually with latitude from north to south. Finally, a new technique of climate diagnosis, the phase curve of wavelets, is put forward in this paper.With 6 FiguresSupported by Chinese NKPFR.     

中国煤系高岭岩(土)资源成矿机理与开发利用

中国含煤地层中高岭岩（土）分布广泛，成矿时代多，成因复杂，储量丰富，质地优良，是一种重要的自然资源和非金属矿产，具有极高的开发利用价值，在全世界独具特色。本文研究了中国煤系高岭岩（土）资源概况、研究简史；根据成分、结构、地质产状等特征，提出了中国煤系高岭岩（土）的成因类型；对生物和有机质在其形成中的作用进行了分析和探讨，并结合有机酸溶解矿物模拟实验对其成矿作用做了初步探索；最后对煤系高岭岩的某些关键性加工技术进行了简述。     

Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang

Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially.     

Adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed under the influence of tannic acid

Although there has been substantial research done on adsorption of metals/metalloids by Al (oxy)hydroxides, little is known regarding the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Al (oxy)hydroxides, especially those formed in the presence of organic acid. This paper investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed with initial tannate/Al molar ratios (MRs) 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 (referred to MR0, MR0.001, MR0.01, and MR0.1, respectively) through batch adsorption experiments and FTIR study. The results showed that Al (oxy)hydroxides were important sorbents for phenanthrene. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. According to a modified Freundlich model, the adsorption capacities of Al (oxy)hydroxides followed a descending order of MR0.1 > MR0 ≥ MR0.01 > MR0.001, which was inconsistent with the organic carbon content in the Al (oxy)hydroxides. Adsorption capacity correlated with the specific surface area, micropore area, and micropore diameter of Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet the relationships were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). FTIR results showed that physical interaction was essential in phenanthrene adsorption onto the Al (oxy)hydroxides, which could be explained by an entropy-driven process. Surface hydrophobicity of Al (oxy)hydroxides played a key role in phenanthrene adsorption. Additional π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction of phenanthrene (acting as electron donor) with aromatic ring of tannic acid (electron acceptor) could be also important in phenanthrene adsorption by high MR Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet it needs further study. The findings obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in understanding the mechanism of immobilization of PAHs in low organic matter but oxide-rich soils.