REE and (э)Nd of clay fractions in sediments from the eastern Pacific Ocean: Evidence for clay sources

Clay fractions in the non-calcareous surface sediments from the eastern Pacific were analyzed for clay minerals, REE and 143Nd/144Nd. Montmorillonite/illite ratio (M/I ratio), total REE contents ((REE), LREE/HREE ratio and cerium anomaly (бCe) may effectively indicate the genesis of clay minerals. Clay fractions with M/I ratio >1, бCe (0.85, (REE (400 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (4, and REE patterns similar to those of pelagic sediments are terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions and contain more autogenetic montmorillonite. Clay fractions with M/I ratio <1, бCe=0.86 to 1.5, ΣREE=200 to 350 μg/g, LREE/HREE ratio (6 and REE distribution patterns similar to that of China loess are identified as terrigenous clay fraction. The 143Nd/144Nd ratios or (э)Nd values of clay fractions inherit the features of terrigenous sources of clay minerals. Clay fractions are divided into 4 types according to (э)Nd values. Terrigenous clay minerals of type I with the (э)Nd values of -8 to -6 originate mainly from North American fluvial deposits. Those of type II with the (э)Nd values of -9 to -7 are mainly from the East Asia and North American fluvial deposits. Those of type III with (э)Nd values of -6 to -3 could come from the central and eastern Pacific volcanic islands. Those of type IV with (э)Nd values of -13 to -12 may be from East Asia eolian. The terrigenous and autogenetic mixed clay fractions show patchy distributions, indicating that there are volcanic or hot-spot activities in the eastern Pacific plate, while the terrigenous clay fractions cover a large part of the study area, proving that the terrigenous clay minerals are dominant in the eastern Pacific.     

Soil respiration in tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China

With the static opaque chamber and gas chromatography technique, from January 2003 to January 2004 soil respiration was investigated in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna, SW China. In this study three treatments were applied, each with three replicates: A (bare soil), B (soil+litter), and C (soil+litter+seedling). The results showed that soil respiration varied seasonally, low from December 2003 to February 2004, and high from June to July 2004. The annual average values of CO2 efflux from soil respiration differed among the treatments at 1% level, with the rank of C (14642 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞B (12807 mgCO2· m-2. h-1)＞A (9532 mgCO2· m-2. h-1). Diurnal variation in soil respiration was not apparent due to little diurnal temperate change in Xishuangbanna. There was a parabola relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture at 1% level. Soil respiration rates were higher when soil moisture ranged from 35% to 45%. There was an exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature (at a depth of 5cm in mineral soil) at 1% level. The calculated Q1o values in this study,ranging from 2.03 to 2.36, were very near to those of tropical soil reported. The CO2 efflux in 2003was 5.34 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil plus litter plus seedling, of them 3.48 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from soil (accounting for 62.5%), 1.19 kgCO2· m-2. a-1 from litter (22.3%) and 0.67 kgCO2·m-2. a-1 from seedling (12.5%).     

Structure and evolution of Middle Permian palaeoseamounts in Bayan Har and its adjacent area

Science China Earth Sciences - Middle Permian palaeo-seamounts in the area of Bayan Har are generally composed of volcanic basement and carbonate cap. Basaltic lava, volcanic breecia and polymictic...     

垫层对CFG桩复合地基影响的分析

对CFG桩复合地基垫层进行分析 ,探讨了垫层厚度和模量对桩土应力比、桩侧摩阻力、沉降变形、承载力的影响 ,并得出一些规律     

深基坑支护方案的分析与优化

针对武汉市南湖岸边复杂的地质条件及周边环境,在某高层建筑的深基坑支护结构设计中,结合实际因地制宜地对基坑的支护方法进行了分析比较。支护效果及实测数据表明,该工程所采用的混合式支护实施方案技术安全可靠,经济合理,可为同类型基坑工程设计提供借鉴。     

“探宝号”船可变阵列震源的实现及应用

2001年，广州海洋地质调查局对“探宝号”船原有震源更新升级为阵列可变的BOLT震源系统。随着更新改造工程的成功，该船已成为具备承担高分辨率、常规、低频深水油气地震勘探的多功能地震调查船。本文介绍了地震勘探震源的基本工作原理以及三种阵列的分布、波形、频谱等特性。     

基于门限回归的气温对光伏发电量的影响分析

光伏发电与气象要素密切相关,正确认识气象因子对于光伏发电量及其发电效率的影响是进行发电量预测和维持光伏电站稳定运行的重要基础。采用江苏省淮安市某小型光伏电站2018—2020年发电量数据、淮安市太阳辐射观测站数据及光伏电站附近气象站观测数据,分析气温、太阳总辐射等气象因子对光伏发电量的影响。相关性分析结果表明,光伏发电量与太阳总辐射呈极强的正相关,基本随太阳总辐射的变化而变化;与气温、降水分别呈弱的正相关和弱的负相关;与风速几乎无相关。然而,灰色关联度分析显示,光伏发电量还与气温呈现出较高的灰色关联度。进一步分析表明,光伏发电量随太阳总辐射的变化受到气温的明显调制,不同气温下光伏发电效率不同。门限回归分析显示,当气温达到一定阈值时光伏发电效率会出现下降,具体表现为：当气温达到12.1 ℃,光伏发电效率下降26.7%;当气温超过22.8 ℃,光伏发电效率下降43.7%。使用这两个温度阈值建立的TR（Threshold Regression）模型的准确率要比线性回归模型提高约10%。     

乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知及数理表达

乡村生产空间系统健康有序运行是实施乡村振兴、营建人与自然和谐共生的物质基础和载体,精准控制系统由低级有序向高级有序发展是关键。综合社会学、哲学、系统学和地理学等多学科理论,建构乡村生产空间系统演化的逻辑认知概念模型,对其演化的逻辑起点(人地关系)、逻辑顺序(时间、空间和流三维分析)以及流驱动机理进行质性研究,探寻乡村生产空间系统演化的内在本质;借鉴耗散结构理论和熵变理论,构建乡村生产空间系统演化熵变模型并作出相关释义,为研究人地关系系统演化提供思路,以丰富和拓展乡村地理学的理论。     

湘西北页岩层地震反射波组特征研究

湘西北地区发育寒武系下统牛蹄塘组、志留系下统龙马溪组两套富有机质黑色页岩。通过合成地震记录和已知地质特征推断反射层位的方法,对两套含烃黑色页岩层的地震地质特征、波组层位识别、波组特征进行了分析对比,总结出湘西北地区页岩层地震反射波所具有的典型特征:龙马溪组存在3~4个强相位,主频集中在30Hz左右;牛蹄塘组存在3个强反射界面,因深度加大,其主频集中在20Hz左右。由于龙马溪组和牛蹄塘组二组地层间距达2 500~3 000m,因此在湘西北地区将二组地层的反射波视作一个波系,其二维地震剖面存在3个波组4个反射层位或3个波组3个反射层位,三个波组分别为龙马溪组,中寒武底界及牛蹄塘组。另外因龙马溪组砂质泥岩段具有低速、低密度、低电阻率、高放射性等特征,其界面波阻抗差异较大,可作为本区的地震波标志层位。