青海省煤系多矿产生态地质勘查模式及实践

通过对相关资料和前人研究的整理、分析,从概念内涵、理论框架、生态环境保护与修复、关键环节等方面进一步深化对生态地质勘查的认识。在青海省高原高寒整体自然地理、气候背景下,结合煤盆地地质、生态地质环境敏感问题、勘查开发活动强度等因素,梳理、分类、总结了青海省典型的生态地质环境特征,并由此提出四种典型生态地质勘查模式。最终,基于生态地质勘查视角的传统地质勘查技术方法的实践应用,在经费高效利用、工作效能提高、生态地质环境扰动降低、地质成果最大化等方面取得了显著成效。     

用估算热收支的方法评价热棒制冷效果

利用青藏铁路路基地质钻孔资料和地温资料,通过计算随地温变化的热收支、来自近地表的热量、来自深部的热量、以及冻土上限变化引起的相变热,来估算测温孔在水平方向的热收支.通过对比热棒路基、普通路基的右路肩孔以及天然孔水平热收支的差异,来描述热棒的工作效果.之后,对比了热棒路基左路肩孔(阳坡)和右路肩孔(阴坡)水平热收支的差异,并给出解释.最后,以热棒路基右路肩孔水平热收支为基础估算了整个路基的水平热收支,进而给出了单个热棒的平均"产冷量".     

Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of Aquitards Using Earthquake‐Triggered Groundwater Variation

The hydraulic properties of aquitards are not easily obtained because monitoring wells are usually installed in aquifers for groundwater resources management. Earthquake‐induced crust stress (strain) triggers groundwater level variations over a short period of time in a large area. These groundwater anomalies can be used to investigate aquifer systems. This study uses a poroelastic model to fit the postseismic variations of groundwater level triggered by the Chi‐Chi earthquake to evaluate the hydraulic properties of aquitards in the Jhoushuei River alluvial fan (JRAF), Taiwan. Six of the adopted eight wells with depths of 70 to 130 m showed good agreement with the recovery theory. The mean hydraulic conductivities (K) of the aquifers for the eight wells are 1.62 × 10^?4 to 9.06 × 10^?4 m/s, and the thicknesses are 18.8 to 46.1 m. The thicknesses of the aquitards are 11.3 to 42.0 m. Under the isotropic assumption for K, the estimated values of K for the aquitards are 3.0 × 10^?8 to 2.1 × 10^?6 m/s, corresponding to a silty medium. The results match the values obtained for the geological material of the drilling core and those reported in previous studies. The estimated values were combined with those given in previous studies to determine the distribution of K in the first two aquitards in the JRAF. The distribution patterns of the aquitards reflect the sedimentary environments and fit the geological material. The proposed technique can be used to evaluate the K value of aquitards using inverse methods. The inversion results can be used in hydrogeological analyses, contaminant modeling, and subsidence evaluation.     

Characteristic and Controlling Factors of Organic Pores in Continental Shale Gas Reservoir of Chang 7th of Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

<正>The goals of this paper are to document the characteristics and controlling factors of organic pores distributed in continental shale reservoir of Chang 7th of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin.In this experiment,by using Argon ion polishing,SEM images and nitrogen adsorption experiment,more than 105 blocks samples were collected from the core of 399.04m from 18 wells,and 83 pieces of casting thin section were made.The TOC     

西太平洋地球动力学问题与未来大洋钻探目标

西太平洋区域是全球地质构造和海陆相互作用最活动的区域,经过50多年的大洋钻探研究,人们对西太平洋弧后海底扩张成因、俯冲工厂的动力学机制、地幔演化过程、发震带、热点岩浆活动、沉积古环境等都有了深入研究和分析,但是西太平洋边缘海盆具有很大的构造多样性和复杂性,仍然有很多的科学目标和科学问题有待进一步开展研究.本文详细分析了...     

“5．12”大地震前后汶川县地质灾害发育研究

汶川大地震对地质环境影响很大,由于大地震的影响,其震前震后的地质灾害类型、数量等发生了很大的改变。本文通过搜集前人资料,现场调查,分析了汶川大地震前后汶川县地质灾害的变化。结果表明,地震前汶川县地质灾害类型主要以泥石流为主,地震后,汶川县地质灾害类型主要为崩塌,其次为泥石流和滑坡。地震使汶川县地质灾害数量极大增加,同时,也使得其主要地质灾害类型发生改变。     

基于粗糙集和遗传算法的超光谱波段集合整体缩减

提出一种对高光谱遥感影像波段集合进行整体缩减的方法。该方法首先根据模糊集和粗糙集理论,对原光谱波段集会进行近似等价波段区间的自动划分。对于每个近似等价波段区间,在考虑其他区间合成影像数据影响的情况下,利用遗传算法进行合成权系数的优化。实验表明,整体迭代线性合成方法不仅具有较高的计算效率,而且可以获得比独立线性合成方法明显优化的结果。     

滦河流域碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验总体设计

始于20世纪80年代的系列大型遥感试验开始系统研究地表物质和能量交换过程,对遥感与地球系统科学研究的结合起到重要作用,但是尚无综合利用多源遥感数据解决碳、水、能量循环问题的有效方案.遥感科学国家重点实验室于滦河上游地区组织开展基础性、多学科、多尺度的"碳、水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验".本次试验面向地球系统科学对遥感观...     

Performance of the CMA-GD Model in Predicting Wind Speed at Wind Farms in Hubei, China

This study assesses the predictive capabilities of the CMA-GD model for wind speed prediction in two wind farms located in Hubei Province, China. The observed wind speeds at the height of 70m in wind turbines of two wind farms in Suizhou serve as the actual observation data for comparison and testing. At the same time, the wind speed predicted by the EC model is also included for comparative analysis. The results indicate that the CMA-GD model performs better than the EC model in Wind Farm A. Th...     

条形基础砂土地基的破坏模型试验

为了研究条形基础砂土地基的剪切破坏形式和承载机理,在相似理论的指导下,进行了一组条形基础砂土地基的模型试验,模拟了砂土地基受荷后产生变形、扩展直到破坏的全过程;测量并分析了地基中不同点处的土压力大小及其分布规律,观测了剪切带的形成和发展过程。结果表明,模型试验能够很好地体现砂土地基变形、破坏的整个过程及其沉降变形特性、地基中各点的真实应力状态及其变化规律,对于研究深基坑变形过程和破坏形态具有应用价值。