Coastal cliff geometry derived from structure-from-motion photogrammetry at Stara Baška,Krk Island,Croatia

The aim of this study was to examine the capability of structure-from-motion photogrammetry in defining the geometry of cliffs and undercuts in rocks of complex geomorphology. A case site was chosen along pocket beaches near the village of Stara Ba?ka on the Adriatic Sea island of Krk, Gulf of Kvarner, Croatia, where cliff erosion of 5 m in breccias was identified by comparison of aerial photographs from 1960 and 2004. The 3D point cloud was derived from approx. 800 photos taken on 9 January 2014 by a single camera from various elevations and angles, and processed using the online software ReCap (Autodesk). Data acquisition was found to be quick and the method easy to implement. The difference between the georeferenced 3D cloud points and an RTK-GPS survey was 7 cm, i.e. within the limits of RTK-GPS precision. Quantifying the spatial variation in undercut geometries revealed that the deepest and largest (17 m³) undercut was in the south-eastern sector of the beach. Reconstructing the detailed geomorphology of this 3.8-m-deep undercut convincingly demonstrates the high efficiency of the method. Such assessments of spatiotemporal changes in undercut and overhang volumes can prove useful for evaluations of cliff erosion risk. Coupled with the low cost and relatively simple application, this is evidently an attractive technique for meaningful geotechnical and coastal engineering monitoring in the future on the island of Krk and, for that matter, also on other Adriatic islands and in similar settings worldwide.     

A Practical Indirect Back Analysis Approach for Geomechanical Parameters Identification

Back analysis is a powerful tool to determine geomechanical parameters. In this article, a practical approach that employs the response surface method and MS Excel solver for back analysis is presented. The least square support vector machine (LSSVM)-based response surface is utilized to represent the nonlinear relationship between the geomechanical parameters and the monitored information and Excel solver is used to search the geomechanical parameters based on the monitoring information. We analyze the robustness and search ability of the proposed approach. On the other hand, two numerical cases on a circular tunnel and a slope are used to verify the proposed approach. Results clearly indicate that LSSVM-based response surface is effectively able to be used to identify the geomechanical parameters from the monitoring displacements.     

历史文化名城名胜组景的时空演变特征研究——以金陵四十八景为例

名胜组景是一定地域范围内景观的组合,是历史文化名城的重要城市地标和旅游资源。以南京的金陵四十八景为例,研究名胜组景的时空演变特征。研究发现:金陵古代名胜组景依赖于自然地理环境,密集分布在长江、钟山、秦淮河等山脉和河流附近,同时也受人文地理界线的影响,较集中于南京城墙内;民国至当代的金陵四十八景的空间分布呈现东进南延北拓态势,逐步扩散至人文地理边界以外的外城郭,进而扩散到郊区县市(江北、高淳、溧水)。名胜组景的这种时空变迁特征与城市变迁存在强烈的关联。历史文化名城的组景景观可划分为自然景观和人文景观。金陵四十八景的时间演进过程中呈现自然景观数量减少、人文景观数量增多的趋势,景观景名、排序等存在较大的差异。古今游憩偏好的变化、旅游需求的变化、历史文化景观的积累、宗教变革、土地利用、社会职能的转变、时代文化的差异都对此产生一定程度的影响。     

基于小波变换和零树法的水声信道彩色图像压缩编解码研究

基于小波变换和“改变了的”零树法编解码原理 ,结合水声信道的特点 ,构建了一个以 DSP为核心的图像处理系统。在不同压缩比的情况下 ,完成了对一幅 6 4× 6 4点阵的静态彩色图像数据的压缩和解压缩。当压缩比与传统的 JPEG算法的压缩比相近的情况下 ,解压缩后图像的总体观感效果有明显的改善 ,从而对在水声信道中传输彩色图像作出了积极的尝试     

贵州省镇远县土地信息系统

本文从贵州省镇远县农业区划部门在农业用地规划中所存在的问题着手,探讨了如何建立土地信息系统,对图形、图象、文字资料进行计算机管理以辅助土地规划,为今后我国南方岩溶山区的综合治理提供了科学依据。      

TMS320C50组成的水下视频图像数字化系统的软件设计

由 ＤＳＰ（数字信号处理器）芯片 ＴＭＳ３２０Ｃ５０构成的视频图像数字化系统较好地解 决了模拟视频图像在复杂的海洋声信道传输的信源编码问题。由 Ｃ５０汇编语言设计的系统 软件,充分利用 Ｃ５０芯片的阴影寄存器,将视频信号的行、场信号作为 Ｃ５０的外部中断 １和 ３的申请信号,快速完成了视频图像的实时数据采集。采用查表法在 １２８ ｕｓ的时间内完成一 个 ８×８子块的 ＤＣＴ变换。这种软件设计方法使系统即使在采集高密度（６４ Ｋ×８ｂｉｔ）图像 时也能在规定的时间内完成模拟图像的数字化和数字化后的数据处理。     

Petrogenesis and shock metamorphism of the enriched lherzolitic shergottite Northwest Africa 7755

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7755 is a newly found enriched lherzolitic shergottite. Here, we report its detailed petrography and mineralogy. NWA 7755 contains both poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies. Olivine has different compositional ranges in the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies, Fa_30–39 and Fa_37–40, respectively. Pyroxene in the non‐poikilitic lithology is systematically Fe‐richer than that in the poikilitic lithology. The chromite grains in non‐poikilitic lithology are highly Ti‐richer than those in the poikilitic lithology. The chemical variations of olivine, pyroxene, and chromite between the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies support a two‐stage formation model of lherzolitic shergottites. Besides planar fractures and strong mosaicism in olivine and pyroxene, shock‐induced melt veins and pockets are observed in NWA 7755. Olivine grains within and adjacent to melt veins and/or pockets have either transformed to ringwoodite, amorphous phase, or dissociated to bridgmanite plus magnesiowüstite. Merrillite in melt veins has completely transformed to tuite; however, apatite only has partially transformed to tuite, indicating a relatively sluggish transformation rate. The partial transformation from apatite to tuite resulted in fractional devolatilization of Cl and F in apatite. The fine‐grained mineral assemblage in melt veins consists mainly of bridgmanite, minor magnesiowüstite, Fe‐sulfide, Fe‐phosphide, and Ca‐phosphate minerals. The coexistence of bridgmanite and magnesiowüstite in these veins indicates a shock pressure of >~24 GPa and a temperature of 1800–2000 °C. Coesite and seifertite are probably present in NWA 7755. The presence of these high‐pressure minerals indicates that NWA 7755 has experienced a more intense shock metamorphism than other enriched lherzolitic shergottites.     

云南天文台太阳光谱望远镜加Stokes光电偏振分析器的考虑

云南天文台太阳光谱望远镜是无偏振对称光路系统,经过重新装调望远镜空间分辨率在１”以内,光谱上的空间分辨率在１”～２”,跟踪精度在５ 分钟内１”,以上光学参数达到可以加装Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ 偏振分析器,用于参加２３ 周太阳峰年矢量磁场的光谱轮廓研究     

遥感时间序列数据滤波重建算法发展综述

遥感时间序列数据(MODIS,NOAA/AVHRR,SPOT/VEGETATION等)在植被生长监测、物候信息提取、土地利用类型监测等诸多领域得到了广泛应用,是生产研究的重要数据源之一.由于传感器、云层大气等影响,遥感时间序列数据存在着严重的噪声,应用前必须进行序列滤波重建工作.综述现有各类滤波重建方法,对研究中广为采用的3类主要方法(基于最小二乘的非对称高斯函数拟合、SavitZky-Golay滤波、基于离散傅里叶的系列分析方法)集中阐述其理论基础、应用步骤和优缺点.总结当前遥感时间序列滤波重建方法需要进一步改进之处.     

The formation of runoff-generated debris flow in Southwestern of China: take Gangou as an example

In the mountain area of Southwestern China, there are large quantities of runoff-generated debris flows that are threatening the local people and facilities seriously. Gangou is a typical runoff-generated debris flow; its source is old deposit from floods and the debris flows downstream of the channel. On June 30, 2005, Gangou occurred debris flow, the debris flow destroying the road, the communications facilities and the farmland at the gully mouth. Unlike the formation mechanisms of other debris flows, the formation of 2005 debris flow in Gangou has its distinctive characteristics as follows. (1) The supply of the loose sources is intensive and distribute near the mouth of the gully; it is rare to see any debris flow initiate at such a lower location. (2) The debris flow finishes its initiation, flow and deposition around the 700-m-long channel, accompanied with the blocking process in the gully when the debris flow ran out; however, 10 min later, it releases and amplifies the peak flow about three times. (3) The topographic condition of the basin does not contribute much to the formation of the 2005 debris flow; instead, its formation is the result of the co-effort of continuous rainfall and a short-time heavy rainfall. In other words, the previous cumulative precipitation enables the moisture content of the soil on the right bank of the gully to reach saturation; then the soil slides into the channel under the action of the heavy rainfall at a later time. Meanwhile, the heavy rainfall accelerates the formation of gully run-off and initiates the loose mass in the channel from slide, thus forming the debris flow.