A geological interpretation of the lunar surface

This interpretation of lunar surface features is based on the differentiation of siliceous and basaltic substances similar to those of the earth. Our hypothesis is that lunar maria are composed of basaltic matter similar to that of terrestrial ocean basins, and that the lunar continents (bright regions) are composed of siliceous blocks.     

Der Tagesgang von Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit in San Salvador

Zusammenfassung Der Tagesgang von Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit in San Salvador zeigt deutliche jahreszeitliche Verschiedenheiten, die wesentlich durch Strahlungsgenuss, Sonnenauf- und Untergangszeiten und ein tageszeitliches mittelräumiges Windsystem bestimmt ist.

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Summary The daily variation of air temperature and humidity shows clear seasonal differences, which are essentially determined by incoming radiation, sunrise and sunset and a diurnal meso-scale wind system.

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Resumen El transcurso diurno de la temperatura y de la humedad del ambiente en San Salvador demuestra netamente diferencias segun la estación del año, las cuales se deben a las condiciones de radiación, salida y puesta del sol y un sistema diurno de viento.

     

Note on the propagation of waves from a spherical cavity in an infinite solid

Summary The present note, as its title implies, is concerned with the investigation of disturbances in an infinite elastic medium containing an initial magnetic field in the axial direction. The equations ofMaxwell, those of elasticity have been effectively made use of to solve the problem.     

A simple theoretical interpretation of the cloud system in a dying cyclone from the aspect of the boucher-newcomb model

Резюме С помощью принятия простых кинематических предположений и на основании ω—уравнения выла определена конфигурация полос облаков в полностью окклюдированном циклоне без фронтов. Облачная система определяется полем скрытой теплоты, выделяемой в процессах конденсации. Полосы облаков теоретически представляют собой в основном листы синусоидальной спирали.

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Address: Boční II, Praha 4-Spořilov.     

Seismic modelling,development and outlook

Резюме Описаны этапы развития сейсмического моделирования, взаимоотношения между сейсмическим моделированием, теоретическими разработками и полевыми наблюдениями и формулированы перспективные задачи сейсмического моделирования.

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Address: B. Gruzinskaja 10, Moskva G-242, USSR.     

Electrochemical strengthening of clayey sandy soils

Most previous studies and applications of electrochemical stabilization of soils through electroosmosis have been made on clayey soils. The object of this investigation was to find out if relatively small amounts of clay (1.5%–3.5%, by weight) present in a sandy soil would be enough for stabilization and strengthening to be possible. The results indicate increases of cohesion of the order of 100–200 lb./sq.ft. X-ray analyses of treated soils indicate that sheet structures of clays are reduced and silicates destroyed upon treatment by electroosmosis. Newly-formed minerals also cement the soil. These neoformations include gibbsite, limonite, calcite, hydrohematite, hydrogoethite (hydrolepidocrocite), hisingerite, allophane, allophanoid, gypsum, hematite, magnetite, nontronite, trona and natron (Na₂ CO₃, 10H₂O). The process seems to be irreversible.     

Climatic satellite monitoring of the external heat balance of the oceans and Black Sea

The long-wave outgoing radiation, effective cloudiness equal to the product of the total cloud amount by their optical density, and the sea-surface temperature determined from the satellites are used to determine the annual course of the components of external heat balance on the sea surface whose climatic anomalies, parallel with the meridional heat and water transfer in the ocean-atmosphere system, specify the intraannual and interannual large-scale variations of weather in different regions of the Earth. The development of these studies is connected with the progress of satellite hydrophysics because the data obtained from the space become sufficiently exact, regular, and global. The increase in the existing data array on the external heat balance of the oceans from ∼15–20 to 100 yr and more would promote the solution of the problem of oscillations of Earth's climate. We present examples of coordinated numerical analysis of the heat balance of the upper (0–100 m ) layer of the Black Sea performed on the basis of the shipborne and satellite data. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 6, pp. 59–75, November–December, 2007.     

Reduction of hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure by a floating oscillating-water-column breakwater system

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) placed behind a reverse T-shape freely floating breakwater with a built-in oscillating water column (OWC) chamber are analyzed in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation is coupled with the equations of rigid and elastic motions of the breakwater and the VLFS. The interaction of waves between the floating rigid breakwater and the elastic VLFS is formulated in a consistent manner. It has been shown numerically that the structural deflections of the VLFS can be reduced significantly by a suitably designed reverse T-shape floating breakwater.