Seasonal occurrence and growth of benthic algae in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Brazil

The seasonal occurrence of 94 benthic algal species, including Cyanophyta, was observed on a monthly basis over one year in the Patos Lagoon estuary (32°S, 52°W), Brazil, and showed three patterns of algal periodicity. An aseasonal group of 46 species was present throughout the year and two groups of 24 species each occurred either during summer and fall or winter and spring. The seasonal growth of 55 green, brown and red algae was correlated with monthly variations of salinity, water temperature, daylength and light radiation energy, which were measured daily in the estuary. Summer/fall peak growth was observed in 15 algae most of which correlated significantly with high salinities alone or in combination with other factors during this period. Growth peak of 11 species in winter/spring was principally a function of low water temperatures alone or together with a reduced light regime.Both periodicity of benthic algae and their seasonal growth, as a more sensitive measure of their floristic affinity, demonstrated the presence of cool temperate and tropical elements in this flora typical for warm temperate biogeographic regions. Correlations between seasonal variation of algal growth and selected environmental parameters aided in the evaluation of causal factors for algal seasonality.     

Die Matrix der Fische VII. Essentielle Aminosäuren inAbramis undSalmo (Pisces) sowieTubifex (Vermes)

Summary The amount of 10 and 11 amino acids respectively has been estimated in (a) a complete specimen ofAbramis brama; (b) muscles ofSalmo irideus; (c) Tubifex sp.

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6. Mitteilung (im Druck) siehe C. r. XXII^e Congr. Chimie industr. (Barcelona) 1949. 5. Mitteilung (im Druck) siehe Verh. Schweiz. naturf. Ges. (Lausanne), 1949.     

Wellenmessungen im Mündungsgebiet der Elbe

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Temperaturmessungen nahe der Wasseroberfläche

Summary This paper deals with the results obtained from temperature measurements within a range of 50 cm above and about 6 cm below the water surface. These observations were carried out on small pools in the tide lands around the island of Neuwerk in summer 1950 with the so called pan or knitting needle thermometer, a thermometer whose mercury bulb is replaced by a long and very thin-walled tube allowing the mercury to quickly adapt to fluctuations of temperature.

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Mesures de la température effectuées près de la surface de l'eau

Résumè On expose les résultats des mesures de la température effectuées entre l'altitude de 50 cm au dessus de la surface d'une part et la profondeur de 6 cm environ au dessous de la surface d'autre part. Ces observations qui ont été faites dans des flaques de marée des bas fonds aux alentours de l'île de Neuwerk en été 1950 furent exécutées avec un thermomètre à aiguille à tricoter. L'originalité de cet instrument réside dans la forme de la cuvette de mercure, tube long à paroi mince qui assure une vite adaptation du mercure à la température du milieu environnant.

     

Eiweisschemische Untersuchungen an Belebtschlamm aus Abwasserreinigungsanlagen)

Summary The protein component of activated sludge is constituted by numerous aminoacids. The amino-acid content of 1 lb. of activated sludge solids (produced by the purification of about 1000 gal. of sewage) may be quantitatively and qualitatively compared with that of 0·50 gal. of fresh cow milk.      

Lithium isotope composition of ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites, and differentiated planetary bodies: Bulk solar system and solar reservoirs

In order to better constrain the Li isotope composition of the bulk solar system and Li isotope fractionation during accretion and parent body processes, Li isotope compositions and concentrations were determined on a number of meteorite falls and finds. This is the first comprehensive study that systematically investigates a representative set of samples from carbonaceous chondrites (CI, CM2, CO3, CV3, CK4 and one ungrouped member), enstatite chondrites (EH, EL), ordinary chondrites (H, L, LL), and achondrites (one eucrite, diogenites, one pallasite, and a silicate inclusion from a IAB iron).

Carbonaceous chondrites have an average isotope composition of δ⁷Li = + 3.2‰ ± 1.9 (2σ) which agrees with the average composition of relatively pristine olivines (representative for the bulk composition) from the Earth primitive upper mantle (PUM). This is lighter than the average δ⁷Li of the basaltic differentiates of the Earth, Moon and Mars and the achondrites. It is an important observation, however, that the lighter end of the isotopic range of the differentiates always coincides with the averages of the mantle olivines and the carbonaceous chondrites. From this we conclude that the bulk of the inner solar system consists mostly of material from carbonaceous chondrites and that the variation seen in the differentiates is due to planetary body processes. Ordinary chondrites are significantly lighter than carbonaceous chondrites. No significant differences in δ⁷Li exist between enstatite chondrites (n = 3) and carbonaceous or ordinary chondrites. The difference between carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites and the variability within the chondrites could indicate the existence of distinct Li isotope reservoirs in the early solar nebula.