郯庐断裂带的断裂活动对渤海东部中、新生代裂谷盆地发育的控制作用

郯庐断裂带自南而北穿越渤海东部,自中生代中期至新生代中期表现裂谷发育特征。裂谷发育经历两个旋回,各旋回的裂谷发育演化、盆地分布格局,沉积相带,沉积补偿速度等均受断裂带的断裂活动的强烈控制。     

Experimental researches on reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater under regular and irregular waves

A series of regular and irregular wave experiments are conducted to study the reflective and transmitting performances of quarter circular breakwater (QCB) in comparison with those of semi-circular breakwater (SCB). Based on regular wave tests, the reflection and transmission characteristics of QCB are analyzed and a few influencing factors are investigated. Then, the wave energy dissipation as wave passing over the breakwater is discussed based on the hydraulic coefficients of QCB and SCB. In irregular wave experiments, the reflection coefficients of QCB and their spectrums are studied. Finally, the comparisons between the experimental results and numerical simulations for QCB under regular and irregular wave conditions are presented.     

Hydrogeochemical and isotopic study of groundwater in the Habor Lake Basin of the Ordos Plateau,NW China

Hydrogeochemistry and isotopes were used to understand the origin and geochemical evolution in the Habor Lake Basin, northwestern China. Groundwater samples were taken, and the isotopic compositions δD, δ¹⁸O and major ions were analyzed. The groundwater can be divided into three types: the Quaternary groundwater, the shallow Cretaceous groundwater and the deep Cretaceous groundwater. The groundwater chemistry is mainly controlled by the feldspar weathering and dolomite weathering, the dissolution of Glauber’s salt, and cation exchange. Chemistry of lake water is mainly controlled by evaporation and precipitation. The stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in groundwater cluster along the local meteoric water line, indicating that groundwater is of meteoric origin. Comparing with shallow groundwater, deep groundwater is depleted in heavy isotopes indicating that deep groundwater was recharged during late Pleistocene and Holocene, during which the climate was more wetter and colder than today.     

山东招远九曲金矿床成矿流体地球化学特征

九曲金矿位于招远—平度成矿带内,地处胶东金矿集中区的西北部。矿区内出露的岩浆岩为黑云母二长花岗岩、浅色细粒花岗岩及似斑状花岗闪长岩,矿体受断裂构造控制,属石英脉型金矿床。矿化分为四个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段及碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,矿体中含金石英脉发育含CO2三相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、气液两相包裹体(Ⅱ型)和纯CO2包裹体(Ⅲ型)3种类型。成矿流体具有由早阶段到晚阶段,温度从中高温(301℃~365℃)到中低温(200℃~256℃)逐渐降低,CO2从富到贫逐渐减少,整体上具有低盐度(3.53%~10.74%Na Cleqv)和低密度(0.55~0.96 g·cm-3)的特点,成矿压力为75~129 MPa,成矿深度为7.04~9.46 km,成分以CO2、H2O为主。δD=-51×10-3~-64.2×10-3,δ18O水=0.9×10-3~7.1×10-3。笔者认为成矿流体以地幔流体为主,后期有大气降水参与;δ34S变化范围为6.4×10-3~7.4×10-3,显示成矿物质为深源含矿岩浆,上涌过程中与赋矿围岩发生重熔。矿床属幔源流体参与成矿的中温热液脉型金矿床。     

Immobilization of phosphorus,copper, zinc and arsenic in swine manure by activated red mud

Red mud (RM), the solid waste of alumina industry, is high in silicon, calcium, aluminum and iron oxides. In this study, RM was activated by heat treatment at different temperatures and characterized with BET nitrogen gas sorption, scanning electron microscopy analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Immobilization of phosphorus, copper, zinc, and arsenic in swine manure by activated RM was studied as a function of RM dosage, pH and time. The immobilization efficiency of phosphorus, copper, zinc and arsenic increased with the increase in RM dosage, reaching 77, 39, 42, and 78 % when the proportion of RM to swine manure was 20 %. The pH of the solution had a significant impact on the immobilization and it was found that the efficiency increased with the increase in pH. During the 24-h immobilization, the efficiency increased with time and achieved equilibrium after 12 h. Chemical variations of phosphorus, copper, zinc, and arsenic during the immobilization process were investigated with sequential chemical extraction method and the results showed that the contents of non-labile fractions of phosphorus, heavy metals and arsenic increased obviously, whereas the contents of labile fractions decreased.     

Static and dynamic inelastic P–Δ effect for seismic design

Seismic influence of P–Δ effect is the subject of this study. First, it is pointed out that the elastic static amplification factor shall be isolated in formulating the dynamic inelastic second order effect. An amplification factor for the static inelastic P–Δ effect is derived. Seismic force reduction factors(SFRF) for given ductility and stability coefficients are computed for one-story, one-span frames. The P–Δ amplification factors for seismic base shears are obtained by dividing SFRFs with and without P–Δ effect. Both P–Δ amplification factors and SFRFs are presented separately with two kinds of period abscissas. The P–Δ amplification factors are dependent on periods with the maximum occurring at about 0.75 s for site type C and approach to the static inelastic counterpart at long periods. Post-yield stiffness cannot fully counteract the adverse impact of the P–Δ effect. Formulas for seismic P–Δ amplification factors are proposed and compared to results of others. Collapse capacity spectra(CCS) are reviewed and their application in codes discussed. Available CCSs are compared with SFRFs with finite ductility computed for two ensembles of seismic records. A comparison reveals that the SFRFs are affected by seismic records, and available CCSs do not always provide upper limits for the SFRFs when stability coefficients are greater than 0.1 for frame models.     

应用粒度分析辨别某些第四纪混杂堆积成因初探

本文从粒度特征分析了青海昆仑山垭口地区的第四纪混杂堆积和甘肃武都泥石流堆积以及贡嘎山海洋性冰川的现代冰碛之间的差异性,明显看出,由于各种第四纪混杂堆积的搬运介质、搬运过程及沉积过程不同,第四纪混杂堆积的粒度特征存在明显的不同。沉积物的粒度特征反映了沉积环境。因此,用粒度特征来辨别各种第四纪混杂堆积也是一种行之有效的方法。     

储层中的导波

储层常常表现为低速,在井间地震中往往可以观察到导波的存在,其主要特点是在储层附近能量集中,而在围岩中则能量迅速衰减,同时波形具有频散特征。导波特性对储层内部结构与岩性十分敏感,它有可能作为储层描述和采油过程监测的有效手段,本文针对三层简单波导模型进行了频散方程及曲线的计算,并进行了人工合成槽波记录的研究。     

黄土高原表土磁化率与气候要素的定量关系研究

黄土高原地区已建立多个表土低频磁化率-气候转换函数,为黄土古气候定量重建提供了关键方法。但是表土磁化率变化的气候控制因素的系统研究尚未开展; 同时,低频磁化率部分受到沉积作用的影响,需要寻找气候意义更明确的指标。我们系统采集了黄土高原及周边地区的表土样品,运用相关、回归和因子分析等方法,研究了不同气候要素及其季节变化对表土磁化率和频率磁化率的控制作用。结果显示,湿度是控制黄土高原表土磁化率的主要因素,温度的影响相对较小; 降水的季节分配也有影响,月降水变率较小的地区磁化率较高。在此基础上,选择反映成壤磁性颗粒组分的频率磁化率,建立了频率磁化率-年均降水量的转换函数,为黄土古气候定量估算提供了新的途径。     

黑龙江省土壤元素有效量及其与农作物的关系初探

将区域地球化学资料应用于农业问题的研究，是扩大区域地球化学资料应用领域的重要方面之一。通过土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ元素的全量、有效量、ｐＨ值、有机质与作物产量之间关系的研究，发现元素有效量与土壤中元素全量呈正相关，与ｐＨ值呈负相关，与有机质呈正相关，而作物产量与元素有效量呈正相关