2010年4月桂东北一次暖区暴雨天气分析

对2010年4月桂东北一次暖区暴雨天气分析,分析,发现本次过程是由高原南侧的低值系统东移,与副高西北侧西南急流之间形成强烈辐合上升运动造成的;中高纬度稳定的纬向环流和稳定少动的副高为过程提供了很好的环境;高原南侧的低值系统可能与高原的地形摩擦作用有关。     

蛇绿岩与蛇绿混杂带结构

蛇绿岩是刻画造山带洋—陆演化格局的标志性证据,由具有成因联系的超基性—基性岩和上覆远洋—深海沉积物组成,是一种理想剖面,非实际的野外露头表现。蛇绿岩分为MOR型和SSZ型两类,前者形成于洋中脊、洋盆宽度足够的弧前/弧后盆地扩张脊环境,后者形成于洋壳初始俯冲阶段的弧前环境。蛇绿岩的形成年龄可以通过古生物和同位素测年方法获得,同位素年龄与最老古生物化石（如放射虫、牙形刺等）年龄相近;洋壳运移过程中,有岩浆击穿洋壳而发育二元结构,由早期洋壳和叠覆的晚期岩浆岩构成;晚期岩浆岩比最老古生物年龄更为年轻。蛇绿岩通过俯冲铲刮、深部底垫和仰冲作用就位,发育褶皱和叠瓦状—双冲构造、及构造肢解为“基质夹岩块”结构成为蛇绿混杂带;蛇绿岩的形成年龄和就位年龄之间可从无年龄差到数十、甚至上百个百万年的时间跨度。蛇绿岩就位后继续经历俯冲带上盘和陆内活化等阶段的演化：蛇绿岩就位时的滑脱断层切穿俯冲带上盘,为后期岩浆提供通道,可侵入多期次的、非蛇绿岩套组份的中基性—酸性岩脉和岩体,包括SSZ型特征的岩浆岩,如新疆扎河坝—和布克赛尔蛇绿混杂带和美国Klamath山蛇绿混杂带。蛇绿混杂带在变质变形强烈的俯冲带上盘和活化的陆内环境中,受到构造改造,造成单一露头区不能够完整地出露有蛇绿岩套的岩石组份,而侵入在蛇绿混杂带中的岩浆岩被构造肢解、形成岩块并使得混杂带内岩石组份复杂化。现今露头的蛇绿混杂带是经历过多阶段演化的、一种现时状态的“四维时空”信息的综合体,即多个时期的物质叠置在同一个露头的三维空间内,一些岩石可能与蛇绿岩套并无成因联系。     

防雷检测业务系统数据库的实现

利用桌面数据库创建防雷检测业务系统数据库,可方便地对防雷检测业务、防雷检测信息进行追加、浏览、修改和查询等操作,查询结果可以打印或者生成文本文件,还可以利用OLE技术生成word文档、Excel文档保存.数据库经过加密,用户必须登陆才能操作数据库,保存用户使用信息,包括登陆时间、进行的操作等.系统具有完善的备份功能,可以保证数据库在误删除的情况下被安全恢复;具有较好的可移植性,可以应用于具有防雷检测业务的气象台站.     

河套地区一次寒潮天气的环流形势分析

利用常规气象观测资料和Micaps提供的相关资料,对2009年9月19—20日在河套地区发生的寒潮天气的环流形势及物理量进行分析。分析表明:在寒潮爆发前期,500hPa系统,蒙古西部的冷中心强度≥-32℃,且温度场滞后于高度场,为冷空气爆发南下提供了最基本条件;700hPa河套地区及上游≥16m.s-1的西北风急流基本形成,等温线与等高线交角≥45°且10个纬距内有4条及以上等温线的密集区;850hPa河套地区有≥16℃的暖中心,高空槽前后的西北风速≥18 m.s-1,温度线与高度线的夹角>45°;地面蒙古气旋的暖性性质为寒潮爆发的前期提供了有利的热力条件,地面冷锋后部冷高压轴线接近南北向,且冷高压中心强度≥1040hPa,3h变压≥3hPa。     

湖泊蓝藻水华防控方法综述

由于人类活动和全球气候变化的叠加影响,湖泊富营养化和蓝藻水华仍是未来相当长一段时间内的水生态环境问题.蓝藻水华暴发会引发湖泊生态系统的灾害和饮用水安全风险,因此湖内蓝藻水华防控必不可少.现有蓝藻水华防控长效方法主要基于营养盐控制理论、浅水湖泊稳态转换理论和生物操纵理论,技术措施包括内源营养盐控制、生态修复、生物操纵.应...     

Tetrolet域利用时空相关性的云图压缩感知重建

针对卫星云图数据量大,但传输通道和存储空间相对狭小的问题,本文基于Tetrolet变换,利用相邻时次云图的时空相关性,实现了一种高重构质量的卫星云图压缩感知方法。该方法将善于表达图像方向纹理及边缘信息的Tetrolet变换引入压缩感知的稀疏表示环节,从而很好地体现了卫星云图细节丰富、纹理结构复杂的特性;同时,考虑到卫星云图序列间的相关性,将时间相邻的卫星云图组成图像组,以中间时刻云图作为参考图像,计算其与相邻时次云图的差异,通过在参考图片及序列差异图片间合理分配采样率,获取测量数据,在压缩感知框架下,采用带平滑处理的投影Landweber算法,重构出相邻时次的图像组。实验结果表明,Tetrolet变换适用于卫星云图的稀疏表示,而且图像组时空相关性的利用可显著提高重构云图的视觉效果及客观评价指标;在采样率低于0.2时,红外1、水汽和可见光3个通道重构云图的峰值信噪比(PSNR)较传统方法平均提高了7.48 dB,13.51 dB和6.15 dB。由此可见,本文方法可以通过获取少数随机测量值,重构出高质量的卫星云图,不仅为云图数据的低比特率压缩提供了一种可行的解决方案,而且对于其他序列图像的压缩采样具有借鉴意义。     

试对国内24h、48h雨量预报产品准确性的验证

用１９９８年５～８月的国内２４ｈ、４８ｈ雨量预报产品对那坡县２４ｈ、４８ｈ雨量的预报与实况进行了验证、验证结果表明,国内２４、４８ｈ雨量预报产品单对那坡这一站点而言,若只限于有雨或无雨的定性预报,其２４ｈ的准确率为７８．８％,完全符合量级评定的准确率为４１．３％,暴雨预报准确率为３７．５％。４８ｈ的预报准确率,有雨或无雨的定性预报准确率为７８．８％,符合量级评定的准确率为３７．５％,暴雨预报准确率为１１．１％。     

成藏期砂岩孔隙度对油气分布的控制作用——以东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段岩性油藏为例

在具有相同储集砂体和相似断层输导情况下,牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段砂岩体油藏长期存在以下难以解释的现象：1）现今砂岩孔隙度分布与油气分布不一致,高孔隙砂岩不含油而低孔隙砂岩含油;2）相同物性砂岩有的含油而有的不含油,含油砂体现今物性接近,但含油级别却存在很大差异。本文从古孔隙度恢复方面分析了牛庄洼陷西部地区沙三中砂岩储层在成藏期的储集条件,并探讨了成藏期储层临界孔隙度。研究发现：1）虽然现今储层物性下限很低,部分砂岩已经致密化,但成藏期的古孔隙度分布在18%～25%范围内,远大于成藏期临界孔隙度13.9%。但由于埋藏过程的差异导致砂岩储层后期减孔幅度不同,因而现今储层物性不能反映成藏期储层物性,成藏期孔隙度高并不能代表现今孔隙度高;2）成藏期高孔隙度带与现今油气分布范围高度一致,表明在相似断层输导条件下,由于储层物性级差优势形成油气优势运移通道,导致高孔隙度带砂体含油,因此,沙三中亚段岩性油藏富集在成藏期高孔隙带中,成藏期砂岩古孔隙度是油气成藏的重要控制因素,而现今砂岩储层高孔隙带在成藏期并不一定高。牛庄洼陷西部地区沙三中亚段储层中具有高古孔隙度的砂岩仍有较大勘探潜力。     

Research on comprehensive carrying capacity of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region based on state-space method

Based on state-space method and component analysis, this paper builds a comprehensive evaluation system of carrying capacity for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region from four aspects, namely economy, environment, ecology and energy. The results show that the comprehensive carrying capacity in this region gradually rises in recent years and the economic carrying capacity plays an important role in this situation. Ecological and environmental carrying capacity are gradually enhanced but still affected by water shortages. The energy carrying capacity of this region is low, which is the major factor restricting its sustainable development. Based on the empirical results, following policy suggestions should be adopted: Firstly, local government should accelerate technological progress, promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure; Secondly, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resource should be solved gradually; thirdly, government should develop recycling economy, realizing the coordinated development of economy and environment; last but not least, saving energy and improving energy efficiency.     

Improved Priority‐Flood method for depression filling by redundant calculation optimization in local micro‐relief areas

Depression filling is a critical step in distributed hydrological modeling using digital elevation models (DEMs). The traditional Priority‐Flood (PF) approach is widely used due to its relatively high efficiency when dealing with a small‐sized DEM. However, it seems inadequate and inefficient when dealing with large high‐resolution DEMs. In this work, we examined the relationship between the PF algorithm calculation process and the topographical characteristics of depressions, and found significant redundant calculations in the local micro‐relief areas in the conventional PF algorithm. As such calculations require more time when dealing with large DEMs, we thus propose a new variant of the PF algorithm, wherein redundant points and calculations are recognized and eliminated based on the local micro‐relief water‐flow characteristics of the depression‐filling process. In addition, depressions and flatlands were optimally processed by a quick queue to improve the efficiency of the process. The proposed method was applied and validated in eight case areas using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model (SRTM‐DEM) with 1 arc‐second resolution. These selected areas have different data sizes. A comparative analysis among the proposed method, the Wang and Liu‐based PF, the improved Barnes‐based PF, the improved Zhou‐based PF, and the Planchon and Darboux (P&D) algorithms was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is 43.2% (maximum) faster than Wang and Liu's variant of the PF method, with an average of 31.8%. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieved similar performance to the improved Zhou‐based PF algorithm, though our algorithm has the advantage of being simpler. The optimal strategies using the proposed algorithm can be employed in various landforms with high efficiency. The proposed method can also achieve good depression filling, even with large amounts of DEM data.