高分辨率全球尺度水文模型发展综述

主要从高分辨率全球尺度水文模型（HRGHM）的发展历程、模型的一般结构与特点、模型数据集的发展和模型所面临的主要问题等几个方面对全球尺度水文模型的发展情况进行了综述。HRGHM能够使水文学家从全球的角度深入了解水资源的产生及循环过程,并且对相关环境问题的解决、气候的模拟与预报以及水资源的管理具有重要的意义。经过几十年的发展和努力,在全球尺度数据集的研究和发展方面已经取得了丰硕的成果,并且在HRGHM的实践中得以应用,但空间数据的缺乏仍然是其发展的最大羁绊。HRGHM所面临的问题除了数据的匮乏还在于非线性问题、尺度问题和确定性问题等水文机理和技术层面的问题。     

Ecotoxicological monitoring in lakes of Northwestern and Central European Russia situated in specially protected natural areas

An ecotoxicological assessment is given to the state of small lakes in specially protected natural areas in Northwestern and Central European Russia, which suffer from aerotechnogenic acidification. The toxicity of water and bottom sediments is shown to increase with decreasing water pH. The most sensitive characteristics of aquatic organisms in different trophic groups are chosen, allowing the state of lakes to be monitored.     

A sedimentation model of the maikop deposits of the Tuapse Basin in the Black Sea according to the results of 2-D and 3-D seismic surveys and field works in the Western Caucasus and Crimea

This work is based on the results of 2-D and 3-D surveys in the Tuapse Basin and field works in the Crimea-Caucasus region. Seven zones were outlined in the model of sedimentation starting from the eroded mountain structure of the Greater Caucasus down to deep water sediments of the Tuapse Basin. The slope and deep-water sediments of channels and fan complexes are characterized. Volume models of the sedimentation system in the Black Sea are shown for the first time.     

THE LEGENDARY “REDISCOVERY” OF GEORGE PERKINS MARSH

The conventional narrative regarding the American reception of George Perkins Marsh, author of Man and Nature (1864), is that his work and ideas were “lost,”“forgotten,” or “neglected” until Lewis Mumford “rediscovered” him and introduced him to geographers at the University of California‐Berkeley through The Brown Decades (Mumford [1931] 1955) and until Carl Sauer made him known to the profession at large beginning in 1938. This article upends the conventional narrative by looking at earlier references to Marsh's later versions of Man and Nature, which were published as The Earth as Modified by Human Action from 1874 to 1907. Analysis reveals that a number of geographers and historians cited these editions between 1875 and the early 1950s. Examining the legend of loss and rediscovery suggests the value of methods utilized in reception studies for research on the history of geography.     

Geocentre motion from the DORIS space system and laser data to the Lageos satellites: comparison with surface loading data

Surface mass redistribution within the Earth system, especially in the atmosphere, oceans, continents and ice sheets, causes the position of the centre of mass to vary in a reference frame attached to the solid Earth. Space techniques are now precise enough to measure the centre of mass motion. Here we present a determination of the centre of mass coordinates at regular monthly intervals using DORIS data on SPOT‐2, SPOT‐3 and Topex–Poseidon (1993–1997) and laser data on Lageos‐1 and Lageos‐2 (1993–1996). The amplitude and phase of the space‐geodesy‐derived annual cycle for each coordinate are further compared to estimates based on surface mass redistribution at the Earth surface derived from various climatic data sources: surface pressure, soil moisture, snow depth and ocean mass variations.     

Linear mechanism of generation and intencification of internal gravity waves in the ionosphere at their interaction with a nonuniform zonal wind: 1. Model of the medium and initial dynamic equations

The specific features of the generation and intensification of internal gravity wave structures in different atmospheric-ionospheric regions, caused by zonal local nonuniform winds (shear flows), are studied. The model of the medium has been explained and an initial closed system of equations has been obtained in order to study the linear and nonlinear dynamics of internal gravity waves (IGWs) when they interact with the geomagnetic field in a dissipative ionosphere (for the D, E, and F regions).