2005年南京市PM_(10)浓度时间序列分析

根据南京市2005年的PM10日均浓度和气象观测资料,利用Maflab小波分析工具,对PM10浓度的年时间序列进行分析,得出了该地区PM10日均浓度的变化规律：2—5月较大,6-9月较小,10—12月较大;并且全年共有5个突变点。结合HYSPLIT4污染扩散模式,对污染源进行追踪,结果表明：造成南京市大气污染主要有局地污染物的排放和外来污染物的输送两种类型;在垂直方向上,污染物的长距离输送一直稳定在低层。     

Development of polygon shift method for generating 3D view map of buildings

The authors have developed a new method termed “Polygon Shift Method” that enables the generation of a 3D view map of a city with tall buildings with a simplified procedure to shift a polygon and check the overlap between the original and shifted polygon. Boolean operations are applied with a newly defined “Fore or Aft” side and a “Depth Distance” that functionally express the visibility criteria or hidden point processing in the 3D view. Since the polygon shift method can be operated with a raster-based structure, the computer processing for generation of a 3D view map of buildings with shadow is simple and efficient.     

K-Ar dating studies of Ashigawa and Tokuwa granodiorite bodies and plutonic geochronology in the South Fossa Magna, central Japan

Abstract K-Ar age studies in the Ashigawa and the southern part of the Tokuwa granodioritic bodies, which consist of the southern part of the Kofu plutonic complex, revealed that they formed between 12 and 9 Ma. Quite a narrow range of ages obtained from the Ashigawa southernmost part of the Tokuwa pluton implies that they cooled rapidly. The southern part of the Tokuwa pluton, as a whole, shows a systematic age distribution with a decrease in age to the north. Compilation of currently available plutonic ages in the South Fossa Magna suggests that the plutonic activities occurred three times in this region. Episodic activity like this could be argued in relation to the tectonic development of this region.     

“三江源”夏季降水异常与大气环流异常的关系

利用三江源地区14个站1961-2005年逐月降水资料,对全区近45年夏季降水异常的时空特征及与大气环流异常的关系进行了分析.结果表明,近45年来,三江源地区的夏季降水量具有良好的空间一致性,总体呈微弱的减少趋势,减少幅度为9mm/45a;三江源地区经历了5个干、湿交替的阶段,存在较明显的准2年、准4～6年的振荡周期,自1980年代中期后12～14年左右的周期信号较强;1968、1979及1986年是3个明显的气候突变点,小波分析结果与降水序列大-小-大-小-大的变化趋势及突变检验存在良好的对应关系.环流分析表明,三江源地区夏季旱、涝年份的大气环流配置形势在高度距平场、风场和温度场均呈反向变化,可作为强信号,对三江源夏季降水的异常预测起指示作用.     

Vertical distribution of bacterial abundance in the northwest pacific ocean

Mixed populations of free-living marine bacteria were collected at depths from the surface to the bottom (1,960m in Suruga Bay and 1,585 m in the Japan Sea) in the northwest Pacific during deep-sea diving by the submersible,Shinkai 2000. Their abundance in total cell counts and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration was found to decrease with increasing depth, and the decreasing profiles were shown to be linear on logarithmic scales. The total cell counts and the LPS concentration showed a linear relationship on arithmetic scales, and the LPS content per cell was found to be 1.02×10^–14 g.     

Superorbital period variations in the X-ray pulsar LMC X-4

We report the discovery of a decay in the superorbital period of the binary X-ray pulsar LMC X-4. Combining archival data and published long term X-ray light curves, we have found a decay in the third period in this system (P ∼ 30.3 day, P ∼ −2 × 10⁻⁵ s s⁻¹). Along with this result, a comparison of the superorbital intensity variations in LMC X-4, Her X-1 and SMC X-1 is also presented.     

Probable effects of CO2-induced climatic warming on the thermal environment of ponded shallow water

A physical model was developed for describing the thermal environment of ponded shallow water as a model for rice fields in relation to climatic conditions. The model was used to assess probable effects of CO₂-induced warming on the thermal conditions of ponded shallow water. It was assumed that an altered equilibrium climate was produced by atmospheric CO₂ which was twice that of present levels. The 1951–80 climatic means of Japan were used as baseline data. Water temperature and energy balance characteristics predicted from the model were compared between both climates. The most notable results were that water temperature under CO₂ doubling rose 2 to 4 °C. These increases in temperature would induce a remarkable northward shift of the 15 °C isotherm which characterizes the isochrone of safe transplanting dates for rice seedlings. CO₂-warming would have a considerable influence on the energy balance characteristics, intensifying the evaporation rate from the water surface. Changes in thermal conditions of rice fields due to CO₂-induced climatic warming are, therefore, expected to bring about significant effects on aquatic environments and the life forms they support.     

Flume experiments on the horizontal stream offset by strike‐slip faults

Flume experiments, in which the middle section of an erosion channel is displaced horizontally, have been conducted to assess the response of streams to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. The experimental erosion channel was developed in a mixture of sand and clay, which provided relatively stable banks with its cohesiveness. Horizontal displacement of a strike‐slip fault perpendicular to the channel is expected to add a ?at section to its longitudinal pro?le along the fault line. The experimental stream eliminated this ?at section with downstream degradation, upstream aggradation, and lateral channel shift. As a result, a roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le was maintained. This maintenance of a continuous longitudinal pro?le along channel is considered to be the principle of stream response to horizontal displacement by a strike‐slip fault. Downstream degradation was the dominant process of this stream response in the overall tendency of erosion without sand supply. When the rate of fault displacement was low (long recurrence interval), the experimental stream eroded the fault surface, jutting laterally into the channel like a scarp, and de?ected the channel within the recurrence interval. This lateral channel shift gave some gradient to the reach created by fault displacement (offset reach), and the downstream degradation occurred as much as completing the remaining longitudinal pro?le adjustment. When the rate of fault displacement was high (short recurrence interval), the lateral erosion on the ?rst fault surface was interrupted by the next fault displacement. The displacement was then added incrementally to the existing channel offset making channel shift by lateral erosion increasingly dif?cult. The channel offset with sharp bends persisted without much modi?cation, and downstream degradation and upstream aggradation became evident with the effect of the offset channel course, which worked like a dam. In this case, a slight local convexity, which was incidentally formed by downstream degradation and upstream aggradation, tended to remain in the roughly continuous longitudinal pro?le, as long as the horizontal channel offset persisted. In either case, once the experimental stream obtained a roughly continuous gradient, further channel adjustment seemed to halt. Horizontal channel offset remained to a greater or lesser extent at the end of each run long after the last fault displacement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sulfur bacteria originating from the water and organisms in a hydrothermally active area of the mid-okinawa trough

Hydrothermal venting and associated fauna were observed in the mid-Okinawa Trough during deep-sea diving byShinkai 2000. Water and organisms were collected there for on-board cultivation of sulfur bacteria. Sulfur bacteria capable of growing on an inorganic medium containing thiosulfate were subcultured and isolated. The isolated chemoautotrophic sulfur bacteria were all rod- to beanshaped, nonsporing, and gram-negative. They could also grow on an organic medium and thus were shown to be facultative chemoautotrophs. Their facultative chemoautotrophy would result in synergetic metabolism of both inorganic and organic substrates; thus the sulfur bacteria could be highly adaptive to nutritional diversity of hydrothermal vent areas.     

地面点云处理系统集成研究与实现

地面点云数据后处理及软件研制是制约地面三维激光扫描技术进一步发展的关键因素。本文集成Oracle存储、PCL模块点云算法、OpenGL三维显示技术,初步研发了一套集点云存储、处理、显示、查询功能于一体的地面点云处理系统。通过RIEGL VZ-400扫描的雕像测试点云,验证了本文提出的三种技术集成开发地面点云处理系统的可行性和系统功能的稳健性。为进一步研究地面点云数据处理系统提供有益的参考。