华北地块中部活动构造特征及汾渭地堑成因探讨

研究区位处华北克拉通中部,受太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域的影响,新生代开始裂解,先后形成了渤海湾盆地和汾渭地堑。第四纪以来,华北地块中部活动日趋活跃,不同走向的断裂和盆地也表现出不同的活动性。NW向和近EW向断裂主要表现为左旋走滑性质,而NE向断裂则主要表现为正断性质。NNE向断裂虽也表现出正断性质,但右旋走滑性质正逐渐占主导地位。汾渭地堑中,NE向盆地与NNE向的盆地也因此表现出一定的活动差异。盆地形成初期,两种走向的盆地沉降速率差别不大,但第四纪以来,NE向盆地的沉降速率已大大超过NNE盆地。对于第四纪以来这种构造运动的表现,同时结合GPS观测数据及青藏高原的大规模隆升与华北地块中部山地相对隆升和盆地沉降事件在时间上的高度一致性,推测华北地块中部中新世以来的构造活动主要受印度与欧亚板块碰撞的挤出作用影响,在NWW和NE向剪切应力的作用下,华北地块中部自南北两端受NWWSEE向拉张的合力作用下开始裂解。随着青藏高原隆升速度的加快,两种剪切应力也随之增强,其合力的影响范围逐渐向中心向东不断扩展,形成了一系列的NNE和NEE向盆地。同时,NE向剪切应力增幅明显强于NWW向剪切,导致其合力由NW向拉张逐渐转变为NNW向拉张,引起不同走向断层活动性的差异与不同走向盆地沉降速率的相应改变。     

基于线性过渡体介质理论的薄砂层厚度预测技术

薄砂层厚度预测是油气田勘探开发的难点之一。本文引入线性过渡介质理论,建立更为接近实际的楔状线性过渡介质模型,通过时域理论模型正演及频域响应特征分析,提出利用调谐频率信息预测薄砂层厚度的研究思路,并在实际应用中建立起一套相应的预测流程。实钻验证表明,预测出的薄砂体空间展布范围及厚度与实际情况吻合度较高,该方法具有良好的应用和推广价值。     

Production and Certification of the Reference Material GSB 04‐3258‐2015 as a 143Nd/144Nd Isotope Ratio Reference

A new certified reference material, labelled GSB 04‐3258‐2015, for use as a ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio reference has been prepared by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing. Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China provided the certification for this reference material. This report presents the reference ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio and supporting production and certification procedures. The reference value was determined by an interlaboratory comparison of results from eleven participating laboratories using MC‐TIMS or MC‐ICP‐MS. The calibration of mass fractionation was conducted by using the exponential law, and the ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios were normalised to the ¹⁴⁶Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio value of 0.7219. Isobaric interference of ¹⁴⁴Sm on ¹⁴⁴Nd was corrected using an interference‐free ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁹Sm isotope ratio value for mass fractionation. GSB 04‐3258‐2015 shows sufficient homogeneity and stability for use as an international isotopic reference material. The certified value was calculated from the unweighted means of the results submitted by the participating laboratories. The ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratio value for GSB 04‐3258‐2015 is 0.512438, with a combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 5 × 10^?6. Reference material GSB 04‐3258‐2015 is available upon request from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and may be used for accurate interlaboratory calibration of Nd isotope analysis.     

生物结皮中优势蓝藻胞外多糖对几种荒漠草本植物种子萌发的影响

蓝藻是荒漠生物结皮的重要组成。选取生物结皮中的优势蓝藻(具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)、眼点伪枝藻(Scytonema ocellatum)、地木耳(Nostoc commune)),通过提取其胞外多糖,研究了不同蓝藻胞外多糖对荒漠植物种子萌发的影响。结果表明:具鞘微鞘藻、眼点伪枝藻的胞外多糖对粗枝猪毛菜(Salsola subcrassa)的种子萌发表现为低浓度抑制、高浓度促进作用,地木耳的胞外多糖仅在高浓度时对粗枝猪毛菜的种子萌发具有促进作用(p<0.05);具鞘微鞘藻胞外多糖对小花荆芥(Nepeta micrantha)种子萌发无明显的影响作用,但眼点伪枝藻和地木耳对小花荆芥种子萌发具有抑制作用。具鞘微鞘藻、眼点伪枝藻和地木耳胞外多糖对琉苞菊(Hyalea pulchella)种子萌发具有明显的抑制作用。藻种胞外多糖组分的差异和不同种子的生物学特性差异可能是造成不同藻种胞外多糖对种子萌发产生不同影响的主要原因。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区水资源现状分析及可持续利用对策

内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区属资源型缺水,用水浪费和水污染现象十分严重。通过分析该区水资源概况及水资源开发利用的基本情况,提出水资源可持续利用存在的主要问题及相应的对策：科学开发利用;依法排污,全面治理,加大环保宣传力度;大力推进计划用水,节约用水;加快替代水源工程建设;保护水资源;建立合理的水价体系以及加强水资源的统统一管理。     

Monthly Changes in the Influence of the Arctic Oscillation on Surface Air Temperature over China

Partial Least Squares Regression （PLSR） is used to study monthly changes in the influence of the Arctic Oscillation （AO） on spring, summer and autumn air temperature over China with the January 500 hPa geopotential height data from 1951 to 2004 and monthly temperature data from January to November at 160 stations in China. Several AO indices have been defined with the 500-hPa geopotential data and the index defined as the first principal component of the normalized geopotential data is best to be used to study the influence of the AO on SAT （surface air temperature） in China. There are three modes through which the AO in winter influences SAT in China. The influence of the AO on SAT in China changes monthly and is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn. The main influenced regions are Northeast China and the Changjiang River drainage area.     

Automatic detection and correction algorithms for magnetic saturation in the SMFT/HSOS longitudinal magnetograms

A longitudinal magnetic field often suffers the saturation effect in a strong magnetic field region when the measurement is performed at a single-wavelength point and linear calibration is adopted.In this study,we develop a method that can judge the threshold of saturation in Stokes V/I observed by the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope(SMFT)and correct it automatically.The procedure is to first perform the second-order polynomial fit to the Stokes V/I vs.I/I_m(I_m is the maximum value of Stokes I)curve to estimate the threshold of saturation,then reconstruct Stokes V/I in a strong field region to correct for saturation.The algorithm is demonstrated to be effective by comparing with the magnetograms obtained by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager(HMI).The accuracy rate of detection and correction for saturation is~99.4%and~88%respectively among 175 active regions.The advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm are discussed.     

大别—苏鲁区UHP变质岩构造学及流变学演化

在大别—苏鲁区的30个关键位置,对UHP/HP变质岩进行详细构造解析、大比例尺(1∶10000)制图并在区域尺度上进行观察和对比,以便揭示它们的构造几何学、变形条件和流变学演化。初步的研究结果指出,广泛出露的UHP/HP榴辉岩相岩石形成一个巨大的UHP/HP变质带,提供了一个观察中朝与扬子克拉通之间三叠纪大陆深俯冲-碰撞带过程的窗口。观察的显微构造及组构指出,UHP/HP变质带内岩石变形机制,无论是在榴辉岩相阶段还是在榴辉岩相后阶段,都是以塑性流变为主,其力学行为和组构特征都受组成矿物的强度、强度差等流变学特征,以及变形物理环境如压力、温度、应变速率、差异应力和流体含量等的制约。在俯冲/碰撞带内的变形分解作用于岩石圈不同层次及不同的构造阶段都曾发生,而且,在不同尺度上,应变局部化形成具高应变的剪切带网络,且一般显示典型的布丁-基质或碎斑-基质构造及流变学型式。根据构造、岩石、变质作用及地质年代学资料,借助于岩石圈流变学基本原理,提出一个大别—苏鲁区UHP/HP变质岩石流变学演化的工作模式,它涉及早期扬子与中朝克拉通间三叠纪(~250~230Ma)大陆深俯冲/碰撞、UHP/HP变质岩形成,相继深埋岩石的多期折返。特别强调UHP/HP岩石向地壳表层的折返,主要是构造过程,地面侵蚀作用是次要的。     

The Electrical Conductivity of Gabbro at High Temperature and High Pressure

The electric conductivity of gabbro has been measured at 1.0 - 2.0 GPa and 320-700℃, and the conduction mechanism has been analyzed in terms of the impedance spectra.Experimental results indicated that the electric conductivity depends on the frequency of alternative current. Impedance arcs representing the conduction mechanism of grain interiors are displayed in the complex impedance plane, and the mechanism is dominated at high pressure.These arcs occur over the range of 102 - k× 105 Hz (k is the positive integer from 1 to 9). On the basis of our results and previous work, it is concluded that gabbro cannot form any high conductivity layer (HCL) in the middle-lower crust.     

微板块与大板块：基本原理与范式转换

传统板块构造理论50多年来一直是占统治地位的地学理论，是理解固体地球运行的基本范式，但遇到三大难题：板块起源、板内变形和板块驱动力。针对这三大难题，微板块构造理论试图开拓一个全球构造研究的新范式。本文通过与传统板块构造理论中基本原理的逐条对比，阐明了微板块构造理论的基本原理和优势及其对传统板块构造理论的拓展。微板块构造范式既不同于传统板块构造范式，又不同于地幔柱范式，是两者的重要补充与拓展。文中着重从几何学、运动学、动力学、适用范围、理论出发点、理论假设与预测的角度，阐明了大板块与微板块的异同，并探讨了两者的转换关系及其转换机制的多样性，介绍了微板块生长成为大板块的4种途径、大〖JP2〗板块破碎为微板块的3种转换模式，探索了前板块构造体制下微地块在非线性地球系统中通过自组织、自生长等方式，进化为板块体制下微板块的自然选择过程。本文还提出陆壳型微地块是密度选择的结果，其密度决定了其保存机制，这是陆壳起源的根本；〖JP〗微地块向微板块的转变是刚性选择的结果，其刚性是初始板块构造体制起始的必要条件；微板块不对称俯冲或对流型式的转变是热选择的结果，其热不对称性是现代板块构造体制起始的必要条件。