Numerical simulation of fluid–structure interaction using a combined volume of fluid and immersed boundary method

In this work, a combined immersed boundary (IB) and volume of fluid (VOF) methodology is developed to simulate the interactions of free-surface waves and submerged solid bodies. The IB method is used to account for the no-slip boundary condition at solid interfaces and the VOF method, utilizing a piecewise linear interface calculation, is employed to track free surfaces. The combined model is applied in several case studies, including the propagation of small-amplitude progressive waves over a submerged trapezoidal dike, a solitary wave traveling over a submerged rectangular object, and wave generation induced by a moving bed. Numerical results depicting the free-surface evolutions and velocity fields are in good agreement with either experimental data or numerical results obtained by other researchers. In addition, the simplification of the initial free-surface deformation used in most tsunami earthquake source study is justified by the present model application. The methodology presented in the paper serves as a good tool for solving many practical problems involving free surfaces and complex boundaries.     

西北太平洋上层海洋对台风“巴威”(2008)的响应分析

基于多源卫星遥感数据、Argo浮标数据和HYCOM（HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model）再分析数据,分析上层海洋对2020年第8号北上强台风“巴威”的温盐响应特征,结果表明：（1）台风中心附近埃克曼（Ekman）抽吸引起上升流,表层以下海水辐合高盐冷水上翻,Ekman输运方向由台风路径指向路径两侧沿岸,海水在黄海两侧沿岸堆积引起下降流。由此导致台风路径附近海面温度（sea surface temperature,SST）与海面高度（sea surface height,SSH）下降,海面盐度（sea surface salinity,SSS）上升,路径两侧沿岸SSH上升,次表层海水温度增加和盐度降低。（2）由于台风前进方向右侧的风速更大,右侧Ekman输运强度比左侧大。台风更靠近右侧陆地,地形阻挡导致风速减小,在济州岛西南侧的海域上空10 m风呈现反气旋旋转,出现负Ekman抽吸速率（Ekman pumping velocity,EPV）,为下降流,所以在台风和济州岛之间的海域存在着由强烈上升流到下降流的转变。这会让原本台风前进方向右侧强的夹卷和垂直混合进一步加强。这就导致了SST下降和SSS上升在台风前进方向右侧更为显著。（3）除了夹卷和垂直混合,台风前进方向右侧SSS的增加还与表层海水由南向北的水平流动有关。     

Public housing and migration: a multi-level modelling approach

"This paper...[analyzes] the distance moved by one-year migrants using a multi-level modelling approach. Controlling for a range of socio-economic variables, derived from the 1991 British Census Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR), at both the individual and area level, the distance moved by household heads in public, privately rented and owner-occupied housing within Britain is assessed.... It is confirmed that migrants in public housing are less likely to migrate long distances than owner-occupiers and that the proportion of public housing in a SAR area, and the absolute reduction in public housing in a SAR area between 1981 and 1991, does not have a significant effect on the distance that in-migrants have moved."     

Scientific and technological power and international cooperation in the field of natural hazards: a bibliometric analysis

Natural Hazards - Research on natural hazards has become a focus due to the serious threat to human life and property. Based on the Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation...     

基于构造超压的地层压力预测方法研究

Traditional formation pressure prediction methods all are based on the formation undercompaction mechanism and the prediction results are obviously low when predicting abnormally high pressure caused by compressional structure overpressure. To eliminate this problem, we propose a new formation pressure prediction method considering compressional structure overpressure as the dominant factor causing abnormally high pressure. First, we establish a model for predicting maximum principal stress, this virtual maximum principal stress is calculated by a double stress field analysis. Then we predict the formation pressure by fitting the maximum principal stress with formation pressure. The real maximum principal stress can be determined by caculating the sum of the virtual maximum principal stresses. Practical application to real data from the A1 and A2 wells in the A gas field shows that this new method has higher accuracy than the traditional equivalent depth method.     

Numeric modelling and risk assessment of pollutions in the Chinese Bohai Sea

To simulate the dynamic process of total nitrogen (TN) in seas, numerical modelling combined with the adjoint method is implemented in this study. Because nonpoint source terms (ST) and initial values (IV) of TN are essential but difficult to determine, the adjoint method was applied to a numerical model, and the ST and IV terms of TN were inverted via routine monitoring data in the Bohai Sea. In twin experiments, the adjoint method was capable of inverting the prescribed spatio-temporally distributed ST and the spatial distributed IV. In practical experiments, the results demonstrated that the simulation precision with ST inversion was higher than that with IV inversion and was accurate with joint initial values and source term (IST) inversion. This result indicates that nonpoint source TN is essential for the simulation of TN concentration. Furthermore, the simulated results indicate that the pollution in three bays of the Bohai Sea is rather severe. The model in this study is not specific to the Bohai Sea and can be generalized to other areas, such as the Beibu Gulf. These findings may assist in the development of cost-effective controls for accidental or planned industrial pollutant releases into coastal waters.     

Utilization of water resources,ecological balance and land desertification in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

Because of the human exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Tarim Basin, the water resources consumption has changed from mainly natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem, and the environment has changed correspondingly. The basic changes are: desertification and oasis development coexist, both “the human being advance and the desert retreat” and “the desert advance and the human being retreat” coexist, but the latter is dominant. In the upper reaches, water volume drawing to irrigated agricultural areas has increased, artificial oases have been enlarging and moving from the deltas in the lower reaches of many rivers to the piedmont plains. In the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the stream flow has decreased, old oases have declined, natural vegetations have been degenerating, desertification has been enlarging, and the environment has deteriorated. The transition regions, which consist of forestlands, grasslands and waters between the desert and the oases, have been decreasing continuously, their shelter function to the oases has been weakened, and the desert is threatening the oases seriously.

     

Nonlinear Analysis of Nearshore Wave Height Variation Due to Shoaling

Wave formulae derived from the dispersion relation for cnoidal waves are used to find an analytical solution to the problem of nearshore wave height variation on a simple topography, i. e., with an incrementally constant slope. The solution accounts for shoaling, frictional dissipation and will be sufficiently accurate for practical purposes considering the simplified assumptions which are necessary for the treatment of this problem by any method.     

Assessing the technology impact for industry carbon density reduction in China based on C3IAM-Tice

Thermal power, steel, cement, and coal chemical industries account 62.6% energy consumption and 84.6% carbon emissions of China simultaneously in 2015. This research use C³IAM-Tice model to analyze the impact of advanced technologies ratio increasing quantitatively. The model can explore the balance of emission reduction and economy efficiency of energy use, finally got the technology structure optimization for these four industries. The paper uses the historical energy consumption and CO₂ emission, combing with the low-carbon developing goal objection, to create the database for these four energy- and carbon-intensive industries. As the result, the scenario-4, which is the most advanced technology-oriented strategy, shows 282 Mt CO₂ emission reductions for the 2020 Goal. In this scenario, 26.19%, 47.43%, 65.39%, and 28.98% of the CO₂ emissions per unit of added value in thermal power industry, steel industry, cement industry, and coal chemical industry could be reduced comparing with data in 2005. Although the advanced technology-oriented strategy shows the positive impact, we need to consider the cost of elimination of existed technology. On the other hand, the paper notices the future technology, with new energy alternative, low-carbon economy development, and industry restructure together, which are important factors for the low-carbon development of China.