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81.
82.
Environmental Geochemistry of Mining Activities in Panzhihua Region, Southwestern China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Teng Yanguo Institute of Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation Beijing Normal University Beijing Tuo Xianguo Department of Nuclear Resources Technology Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
INTRODUCTIONMining activlties have significant envi ronmenta1 inll)ac'l ssuch as visual intrusions, dust, noise, blasting, trafflc and h}'drology (Kwolek, l999; Ripley et al., l996 ). The l)rot'csst'sof mineral extraction, processing, smelting and refinlng;1rt'never approximate to the environmental neutrality, but tht' affected areas can be ameliorated (KwoIek, l999; Klukanov;1;llltlRapant, 1999). The regions, where mining activities are I,r('sent or continuous for a long tlme, are pote… 相似文献
83.
84.
Takeshi?KuritaniEmail author Takeyoshi?Yoshida Jun-Ichi?Kimura Toshiro?Takahashi Yuka?Hirahara Takashi?Miyazaki Ryoko?Senda Qing?Chang Yoshinori?Ito 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,167(2):969
The conditions under which rear-arc magmas are generated were estimated using primary basalts from the Sannome-gata volcano, located in the rear of the NE Japan arc. Scoriae from the volcano occur with abundant crustal and mantle xenoliths, suggesting that the magma ascended rapidly from the upper mantle. The scoriae show significant variations in their whole-rock compositions (7.9–11.1 wt% MgO). High-MgO scoriae (MgO > ~9.5 wt%) have mostly homogeneous 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70318–0.70320), whereas low-MgO scoriae (MgO < ~9 wt%) have higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios (>0.70327); ratios tend to increase with decreasing MgO content. The high-MgO scoriae are aphyric, containing ~5 vol% olivine microphenocrysts with Mg# [100 × Mg/(Mg + Fe2+)] of up to 90. In contrast, the low-MgO scoriae have crustal xenocrysts of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, and quartz, and the mineralogic modes correlate negatively with whole-rock MgO content. On the basis of these observations, it is inferred that the high-MgO scoriae represent primary or near-primary melts, while the low-MgO scoriae underwent considerable interaction with the crust. Using thermodynamic analysis of the observed petrological features of the high-MgO scoriae, the eruption temperature of the magmas was constrained to 1,160–1,220 °C. Given that the source mantle was depleted MORB-source mantle, the primary magma was plausibly generated by ~7 % melting of a garnet-bearing spinel peridotite; taking this into consideration, and considering the constraints of multi-component thermodynamics, we estimated that the primary Sannome-gata magma was generated in the source mantle with 0.5–0.6 wt% H2O at 1,220–1,230 °C and at ~1.8 GPa, and that the H2O content of the primary magma was 6–7 wt%. The rear-arc Sannome-gata magma was generated by a lower degree of melting of the mantle at greater depths and lower temperatures than the frontal-arc magma from the Iwate volcano, which was also estimated to be generated by ~15 % melting of the source mantle with 0.6–0.7 wt% H2O at ~1,250 °C and at ~1.3 GPa. 相似文献
85.
The carbonaceous-siliceous-argillitic rock type uranium deposit in the Zoige area is located in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, and has gained much attention of many geologists and ore deposit experts due to its scale, high grade and abundant associated ores. Because of the insufficient reliable dating of intrusive rocks, the relationship between mineralization and the magmatic activities is still unknown. In order to study this key scientific issue and the ore-forming processes of the Zoige uranium ore field, the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of magmatic rocks was obtained:64.08±0.59 Ma for the granite-prophyry and ~200 Ma for the dolerite. U-Pb dating results of uraninite from the Zoige uranium ore field are mainly concentrated on ~90 Ma and ~60 Ma. According to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating, the ages for the dolerite, porphyry granite and granodiorite are 200 Ma, 64.08 Ma approximately and 226.5-200.88 Ma, respectively. This indicates that the mineralization has close relationship with activities of the intermediate-acidic magma. The ages of the granite porphyry are consistent with those uraninite U-Pb dating results achieved by previous studies, which reflects the magmatic and ore-forming event during the later Yanshanian. Based on the data from previous researches, the ore bodies in the Zoige uranium ore field can be divided into two categories:the single uranium type and the uranium with polymetal mineralization type. The former formed at late Cretaceous(about 90 Ma), while the latter, closely related to the granite porphyry, formed at early Paleogene(about 60 Ma). And apart from ore forming elemental uranium, the latter is often associated with polymetallic elements, such as molybdenum, nickel, zinc, etc. 相似文献
86.
87.
察尔汗盐湖低品位固体钾矿液化开采的现场试验研究探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
青海察尔汗干盐湖赋存有大量的低品位固体钾盐,最佳的开采方法应是使用低钾的溶剂去溶解盐层中的固体钾盐,使固相钾转化为液相钾,然后将富钾卤水抽取到盐田。作者在察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段1 km2的研究区上,通过100天的溶解驱动野外试验,获得大量的水动力和水化学数据,在此基础上,分析研究注入的卤水溶剂在溶解驱动过程中,水动力场和水化学场的变化,并应用Pitzer理论计算了代表性样品中含钾矿物的活度积,以评价溶矿效果。研究表明,涩聂湖湖水作为溶解驱动的溶剂,溶解钾矿物效果明显,值得进一步开展工程化研究。 相似文献
88.
Mineralogy,major and trace element geochemistry of riverbed sediments in the headwaters of the Yangtze,Tongtian River and Jinsha River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Weihua Wu Shijun Xu Huayu Lu Jiedong Yang Hongwei Yin Wen Liu 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2011,40(2):611-621
We collected riverbed sediments of the headwaters of the Yangtze River (Chumaer River, Tuotuo River, Gaerqu River and Buqu River), Tongtian River and Jinsha River (HTJR) flowing on the eastern Tibetan Plateau and analyzed their mineralogical features, major and trace element contents. The results show: (i) very poor correlations of Na2O, K2O, CaO, Ba, and Sr to SiO2, LREE to Th, HREE to Hf, and Ta/La to Ti, and characteristics of Eu anomaly (the ratios of (Eu/Eu*)N range from 0.60 to 0.83 with an average value of 0.71) all indicate that the Jinsha River sediments have not undergone much mineralogical sorting; (ii) illite and chlorite are predominant clay minerals, and quartz, calcite, dolomite, albite, and K-feldspar are prevailing non-clay minerals. The characteristics of mineral assemblage indicate relatively weak chemical weathering degree in these river basins; (iii) very high contents of Fe2O3, MgO, TiO2, Sc, V, Cr, Co, and Ni at Panzhihua mainly result from the huge-sized V–Ti magnetite deposits occurred in layered gabbroic intrusion; and (iv) the chemical alteration index (CIA) in the HTJR ranges from 46.5 to 69.2 and with an average value of 60.5 which indicates relatively weak weathering degree. 相似文献
89.
随着气举反循环钻进技术及配套设备的不断发展和完善,其应用日益广泛,用于煤矿勘探开发领域时,确定合理的工艺参数十分关键。基于气举反循环钻进双壁钻具系统结构特点,依据牛顿第二定律求解出气举反循环钻进中岩屑被举升排出的临界速度模型,然后根据能量守恒定律,考虑压缩气体的沿程损失和局部阻力损失,建立了气举反循环钻进的启动风压模型。用Matlab对模型进行计算,分析发现井深、气液混合器的下入深度、沉没比和钻井液密度都对启动风压有影响。计算结果为确定合理的启动风压奠定了基础,为空压机的合理选配提供了依据,对保证良好的钻进效果具有重要意义。 相似文献
90.
Biogeochemistry of nitrous oxide in groundwater in a forested ecosystem elucidated by nitrous oxide isotopomer measurements 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
K. Koba K. Osaka Y. Tobari S. Toyoda N. Ohte M. Katsuyama N. Suzuki M. Itoh H. Yamagishi M. Kawasaki S.J. Kim N. Yoshida T. Nakajima 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(11):3115-1037
The biological and physical controls on microbial processes that produce and consume N2O in soils are highly complex. Isotopomer ratios of N2O, with abundance of 14N15N16O, 15N14N16O, and 14N14N18O relative to 14N14N16O, are promising for elucidation of N2O biogeochemistry in an intact ecosystem. Site preference, the nitrogen isotope ratio of the central nitrogen atom minus that of the terminal nitrogen atom, is useful to distinguish between N2O via hydroxylamine oxidation and N2O via nitrite reduction.We applied this isotopomer analysis to a groundwater system in a temperate coniferous-forested ecosystem. Results of a previous study at this location showed that the N2O concentration in groundwater varied greatly according to groundwater chemistry, i.e. NO3−, DOC, and DO, although apportionment of N2O production to nitrification or denitrification was ambiguous. Our isotopic analysis (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3− and N2O implies that denitrification is the dominant production process of N2O, but definitive information is not derived from δ15N and δ18O analysis because of large variations in isotopic fractionations during production and consumption of N2O. However, the N2O site preference and the difference in δ15N between NO3− and N2O indicate that nitrification contributes to total N2O production and that most measured N2O has been subjected to further N2O reduction to N2. The implications of N2O biogeochemistry derived from isotope and isotopomer data differ entirely from those derived from conventional concentration data of DO, NO3−, and N2O. That difference underscores the need to reconsider our understanding of the N cycle in the oxic-anoxic interface. 相似文献