Genetic connectivity of the coral‐eating sea star Acanthaster planci during the severe outbreak of 2006–2009 in the Society Islands,French Polynesia

Occasional population outbreaks of the crown‐of‐thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, are a major threat to coral reefs across the Indo‐Pacific. The presumed association between the serial nature of these outbreaks and the long larval dispersal phase makes it important to estimate larval dispersal; many studies have examined the population genetic structure of A. planci for this purpose using different genetic markers. However, only a few have focused on reef‐scale as well as archipelago‐scale genetic structure and none has used a combination of different genetic markers with different effective population sizes. In our study, we used both mtDNA and microsatellite loci to examine A. planci population genetic structure at multiple spatial scales (from <2 km to almost 300 km) within and among four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Our analysis detected no significant genetic structure based on mtDNA (global F_ST = ?0.007, P = 0.997) and low levels of genetic structure using microsatellite loci (global F_ST = 0.006, P = 0.005). We found no significant isolation by distance patterns within the study area for either genetic marker. The overall genetically homogenized pattern found in both the mitochondrial and nuclear loci of A. planci in the Society Archipelago underscores the significant role of larval dispersal that may cause secondary outbreaks, as well as possible recent colonization in this area.     

中国手足口病时空分异特征及影响因素

健康中国战略是中国新时期的重大战略之一,手足口病作为全球关注的公共卫生问题,已成为中国影响范围较为广泛和普遍的典型传染性疾病,尤其对婴幼儿健康造成巨大威胁。本文构建健康地理学视角下的传染病研究理论框架,采用集中度和空间分析方法解析中国2008—2017年手足口病发病时空分异特征和变化规律,对18个影响其发病的风险因子进行空间相关和地理探测,揭示手足口病地理分异的主要影响因素和作用机理。结果表明：① 健康地理学视角下的传染病研究理论框架由传染病发病的基本环节、影响因素和分布扩散状态3个子系统构成,各子系统之间及子系统内部相互影响相互作用。② 2008—2017年中国手足口病发病率呈现波动上升、两年为一周期且偶数年份高于奇数年份的发病规律,春末夏初及秋末冬初为发病高峰。③ 2008—2010年手足口病发病率未体现明显的空间集聚特征;2011—2017年发病率存在较强的空间自相关性,热点地区主要集中在广东、广西、海南等地区,且呈现自北向南、自小而分散向大而集中的演变趋势;发病典型地区可以总结为气候湿热区、经济落后且医疗水平低的地区和易集聚感染的人口密集区3种。④ 有12项因素通过了相关分析和地理探测的显著性检验,与手足口病发病率体现正向作用的因素解释力从大到小依次为“气温>年降水量>湿度>气压>人口密度>路网密度>人均GDP”,负向相关关系作用大小依次为“日照时数>风速>AQI指数>海拔>千人床位数”,气温和降水量与其他因子的交互作用最为明显。本文为健康地理学、手足口病病理学、流行病学的相关研究提供实证检验基础,为服务健康中国战略和流行病预防与控制提供重要科学支撑和政策参考。     

中国市域间日常人口流动特征及影响因素

基于腾讯位置大数据,分析了2015—2018年中国368个城市间人口流动的空间格局,并基于指数随机图模型（ERGM）识别了与人口流入、流出相关的影响因素。研究发现：① 人口流动的空间分布格局相对稳定,形成了以京、深、沪、穗、蓉、莞为“中枢”的菱形空间结构。② 通过社区划分得到的城市子群结构表明,社区间呈现明显的地理临近和省际分异特征,既形成了以省会城市为核心、受省界制约明显的中心–腹地结构的小型城市子群,也形成了跨越省界的多中心结构的大型城市子群,但大部分城市以省界为主要流动圈层,省域内人口流动更为密切。③ ERGM模型确定的人口流入、流出网络影响因素与新古典经济学理论相一致,人口规模、城市化水平、时间成本、经济成本等市场因素和经济因素在人口流动中仍然具有主导性作用。④ 城市对外来人口的吸引力更大程度上取决于自身的属性特征,而城市人口外流更依赖于外部网络关联要素,一定程度上验证了推拉理论中城市“拉力”的主导力量,以及各类距离因素的综合作用。     

Study of Calculation of Reserves and Scale for Low–grade Solid Potassium Deposits of Chaerhan Salt Lake

正Analyzes on solid potassium mineral reserves calculation methods and existing problems of chaerhan salt lake,t with many parameters comparison solid potassium mineral reserves calculation results are reliable,the     

Weathering and mineralogical variation in gneissic rocks and their effect in Sangrumba Landslide,East Nepal

Sangrumba landslide is one of the largest and the most active landslides in Nepal Himalaya. Geologically the landslide belongs to the Higher Himalaya and consists of Pre-Cambrian biotite–garnet and sillimanite gneiss with some quartzite. The present paper aims at describing various degrees of rock weathering and their effect in Sangrumba landslide. Field study followed by mineralogical, geochemical and geotechnical analyses of the collected rock and soil samples from the landslide zone were used in characterizing weathering degree. The gneisses are intensely weathered while quartzite is unweathered. Petrographical and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the rocks in the landslide zone had undergone weathering process with the formation of different types of clay minerals as kaolinite, vermiculite, smectite and chlorite. This was further confirmed by the Scan Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyses. These clay minerals drastically reduced the rock strength facilitating the extensive failure of the Sangrumba landslide. The major and trace element composition of the rock and soil samples was calculated from the XRF analyses. The geochemical analyses and weathering indexes of rocks showed that they are significantly weathered and had a major influence in the formation of the Sangrumba landslide. In addition, mechanical strength measurement of rock/soil showed that the strength drastically decreases as the weathering intensity increases. Rainfall followed by the rock type are the most dominant parameters influencing the weathering process which leads to the formation of large landslide as the present one. These findings can be used in other areas with similar geological and topographical conditions.     

中国北方岩溶水脆弱性评价模型及改进

根据北方地区岩溶含水层的特征,基于改进欧洲方法,利用ArcGIS构建了包括指标体系、权重、评分体系的北方地区岩溶含水层脆弱性评价模型。并运用该模型,对北京房山岩溶含水层脆弱性进行了评价。结果表明:岩溶水脆弱性较高的区域位于岩溶发育的地区尤其是溶洞周围,而在范围较小的研究区,降雨及植被覆盖因素的影响较小。模拟结果显示,北京房山岩溶区90%处于脆弱性较低的范围,只有研究区西北部岩溶发育强烈的小部分区域脆弱性较高,建议加强进一步调研或应加强保护。     

Mechanism of post-seismic floods after the Wenchuan earthquake in the upper Minjiang River,China

By analyzing the multi-year runoff and rainfall data at 15 hydrological stations from 1980 to 2007, as well as monthly runoff data from 1964 to 1984 at the Zipingpu hydrologic station, the relationship between precipitation and runoff has been established and the trend was explored. Based on the catastrophic floods of August 13 and August 18, 2010, characteristics and control factors on the post-seismic floods are summarized. Firstly, the Wenchuan earthquake and rupture zone provides the background for post-seismic floods to develop in the upper Minjiang River, which follows a post-seismic disaster-chain pattern: earthquake collapse to landslide debris flows to floods. Secondly, heavy rainfall controlled by the orographically-enhanced precipitation after the Wenchuan earthquake is the trigger factor for the development of devastating post-seismic floods. Thirdly, the post-seismic floods contain high sediment discharge, cause abrupt and severe damages, and have a large of volume and higher frequency.     

东北三省企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素

企业作为产业空间的核心载体和组织主体,其区位特征和影响因素识别对优化区域产业空间布局、合理配置资源具有重要意义.以东北三省115852条有效规模以上企业数据为研究对象,采用空间分析方法总结2000年、2010年和2019年东北三省企业空间格局特征,并运用OLS模型和GWR模型解析影响企业区位选择的核心因素.结果 表明:...     

飞机人工增雨分层历史回归效果检验方法探讨

在飞机人工增雨中,为提高作业决策和效果检验的客观性,用冰面饱和区、0℃层以上水汽积分量≥9 mm区域和水汽向上输送区作为确定作业目标区指标;用碘化银粒子浓度q≥10 L-1的区域作为确定作业影响区的范围;用作业目标区、总雨量等值线和相关系数检验等约束条件选择对比区.在建立回归方程时,用天气系统分型和相同作业时段等方法确定回归样本.采用单次活动对比区和影响区分层历史回归方法建立飞机人工增雨效果检验系统并在业务中使用,该方法物理意义明确,在决策作业和效果检验的实践中有重要意义.     

基于GIS技术的江西德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害研究

矿山开发必然对矿区及周边地区的生态环境造成危害。对矿山及其周边地区的生态环境进行现状调查和评价,为生态环境治理客观依据,显得极为重要。在江西德兴地区,系统采集该区域330个水系沉积物样品,并采用X荧光光谱仪和电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱仪为主体的分析配套方案分析样品中重金属的含量基础上,采用潜在生态危害指数法和GIS空间分析技术研究该地区的水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害。研究结果表明,德兴地区水系沉积物重金属污染的潜在生态危害范围较大,强—很强的生态危害区主要集中德兴铜钼和铅锌矿区、德兴河与大坞河流域及其周边地区,而乐安河下游沿岸以及乐平附近与西北部景德镇附近的少数煤矿区、婺源县城附近和东南角玉山县北西的铜钼矿点附近地区主要为零星中等生态危害。