城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型

分析了城市生态地球化学评价的特点.建立了城市生态地球化学评价的盖子模型.按照盖子的阻隔效应,将城市生态地球化学评价分为盖上循环、盖下库内循环和盖子网眼及边缘的库内外开放性循环三大部分内容.城市化进程就是盖子的扩张与修补过程.按盖子模型进行的城市生态地球化学评价有利于预测和防治城市生态地球化学灾害,为城市规划、建设和管理服务.     

Genetic connectivity of the coral‐eating sea star Acanthaster planci during the severe outbreak of 2006–2009 in the Society Islands,French Polynesia

Occasional population outbreaks of the crown‐of‐thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, are a major threat to coral reefs across the Indo‐Pacific. The presumed association between the serial nature of these outbreaks and the long larval dispersal phase makes it important to estimate larval dispersal; many studies have examined the population genetic structure of A. planci for this purpose using different genetic markers. However, only a few have focused on reef‐scale as well as archipelago‐scale genetic structure and none has used a combination of different genetic markers with different effective population sizes. In our study, we used both mtDNA and microsatellite loci to examine A. planci population genetic structure at multiple spatial scales (from <2 km to almost 300 km) within and among four islands of the Society Archipelago, French Polynesia. Our analysis detected no significant genetic structure based on mtDNA (global F_ST = ?0.007, P = 0.997) and low levels of genetic structure using microsatellite loci (global F_ST = 0.006, P = 0.005). We found no significant isolation by distance patterns within the study area for either genetic marker. The overall genetically homogenized pattern found in both the mitochondrial and nuclear loci of A. planci in the Society Archipelago underscores the significant role of larval dispersal that may cause secondary outbreaks, as well as possible recent colonization in this area.     

一种计算补偿最小二乘正则化参数的最优化方法

在半参数模型补偿最小二乘估计中,如何有效地计算正则化参数是求解的关键。在建立一种新的补偿最小二乘模型的基础上,基于广义交叉核实与L曲线准则,采用最优化方法计算正则化参数。仿真计算表明,本文方法是一种计算正则化参数更为有效的方法。     

滇东南石炭系坝达组对比和南盘江晚古生代大洋板块演化

右江盆地上世纪末发现了桂西晚古生代海相（洋岛）玄武岩,近期亦有报道。洋盆、洋脊玄武岩是判断洋岛存在的先行条件。滇东南坝达、里呼一带下石炭统的坝达组（C1b）主要为灰黑、灰白色薄层硅质岩、放射虫硅质岩、海绵骨针硅质岩、玄武岩夹凝灰岩、泥晶灰岩、泥岩,具有典型的硅质岩—玄武岩—灰岩—泥岩组合的洋盆沉积建造,含牙形石、三叶虫等。该组喷发于他披组之上的基性—超基性熔岩,具有显著的大洋拉斑玄武岩特征。因此,坝达组的划分和对比为研究右江盆地晚古生代—中三叠世的多岛洋盆环境提供了重要的依据,对研究华夏造山带与扬子陆块的拼贴过程具有十分重要的科学意义。     

岳西县菖蒲地区地质体组成及变质变形特征

】通过对菖蒲地区１∶１００００区域地质调查,基本查明了大别山超高压变质带的岩石组成、产出状态及分布规律。探讨了榴辉岩形成的多样性,指出碧溪岭榴辉岩体的“Ｓ型”构造形态,并确定了港河浅变质火山碎屑岩系的层序。     

一种面向位置数据隐私保护的离线地磁定位模型

基于位置服务给人们的生活带来极大的便利,而目前定位系统特别是室内定位普遍依赖于无线网络信号.很多情况下,用户有位置隐私保护的需求,然而,在目前的大数据时代,基于网络的室内定位服务要求用户将个人位置信息实时提供给服务提供商,这导致用户隐私的泄露.如何有效实现室内的基于位置服务,并且保护用户的个人位置信息就成了大数据时代的一个关键问题.本文介绍了一种面向位置数据隐私保护的离线地磁定位模型,利用加速度传感器和微机电磁力计检测行人步态和地球磁场来实现室内定位.本模型利用加速度计检测行人的步态信息,配合磁力计检测的磁场信息与指纹地图进行匹配,实现了室内定位需求的同时又解决了用户位置信息泄露的问题,为大数据时代如何保护用户的位置信息提供了一个有效的解决办法.     

Hill stability of the planar three-body problem: General and restricted cases

The equations of motion of the planar three-body problem split into two parts, called an external part and an internal part. When the third mass approaches zero, the first part tends to the equations of the Kepler motion of the primaries and the second part to the equations of motion of the restricted problem.We discuss the Hill stability from these equations of motion and the energy integral. In particular, the Jacobi integral for the circular restricted problem is seen as an infinitesimal-mass-order term of the Sundman function in this context.     

An analytical model for multiple fractured shale gas wells considering fracture networks and dynamic gas properties

Multi-stage fractured horizontal wells play an important role in developing shale gas reservoirs by significantly improving productivity. By considering fracture networks, gas desorption, stress-sensitive fracture permeability, and pressure-dependent gas PVT properties, an analytical model is developed for shale gas wells. Fracture networks are handled based on transient linear flow, gas desorption is handled by defining a new total compressibility, stress-dependent hydraulic fracture permeability is handled by variable substitution, and pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time are used to handle pressure-dependent PVT properties. After obtaining the solution of the linearized model, a material balance method and successive substitution iteration procedure are proposed to convert the pseudo-time into real time and calculate the production contribution from gas desorption. The results show that induced fractures also have a great impact on the production of the well. Production contribution from free gas and adsorbed gas could be quantified using the proposed material balance principle and iterative method. The rank of parameters that influence the ultimate recovery is the following: half-length of hydraulic fracture, induced fracture length/hydraulic fracture spacing, hydraulic fracture spacing, conductivity of induced fractures, conductivity of hydraulic fracture, and induced fracture spacing.     

Spatial and temporal evolution of arc volcanism in the northeast Honshu and Izu‐Bonin Arcs: Evidence of small‐scale convection under the island arc?

Abstract   Arc volcanism of the past 10 my in the northeast Honshu and Izu-Bonin Arcs shows several notable features. In the northeast Honshu Arc, the spatial distribution of volcanism exhibits several clusters elongated nearly perpendicular to the arc and the possible migration of volcanism from the back-arc side to the volcanic front side, at least, during the past 5 my. The pattern of clusters seems to have flip-flopped around 5 Ma. In the Izu-Bonin Arc, there are a series of across-arc seamount chains, in which volcanic activity occurred from ca 17 Ma to ca 3 Ma, similar to the clusters of the northeast Honshu Arc, although the recent active rifting occurs almost parallel to the arc. On the basis of studies of numerical modeling, these features might be explained, at least qualitatively, by the small-scale convection under the island arc. Several inferences can be made from our modeling results for the tectonics of the Izu-Bonin Arc. The angle of dip of subducting plate in the Izu-Bonin Arc might have increased. This can explain the disappearance of volcanism along the seamount chains and the recent along-arc volcanism with narrow rifting. The trend of seamount chains, which is oblique to the arc, might not be their intrinsic feature but rather a result of the lateral movement of the back-arc region after their formation. These inferences can be tested by the future detailed morphological and chronological studies of the Izu-Bonin Arc.     

日本内陆地震活动的迁移与扩散

本文研究了日本内陆及其外围海域发生大地震后的地震活动迁移现象。在所研究的6个震例中,一个共同的特点是,地震活动的迁移总是沿着地壳内的活动地质构造带发生。有时可以根据地震活动的迁移来进一步确定活动构造带的存在。把板块边缘地区的地震活动类比为沿着力学偶合平面迁移和扩散,我们可以认为,岛上的活动构造带对应着地壳块体的力学相互作用边界。地震迁移的形式可能不只一种。在我们所研究的震例中发现了以下特征:地震迁移速度约为几km/年;大地震震源区之间存在着地震空区;在每一条地震带上有一定的地震活动周期。地震迁移的一种可能机制是:由于地壳块体的相对运动,在其边界上的凹凸不平区造成了构造应力集中,这些凹凸不平区相继地发生破裂,形成了地震迁移。