Effect of Blast-Induced Vibration from New Railway Tunnel on Existing Adjacent Railway Tunnel in Xinjiang, China

The vibrations of existing service tunnels induced by blast-excavation of adjacent tunnels have attracted much attention from both academics and engineers during recent decades in China. The blasting vibration velocity (BVV) is the most widely used controlling index for in situ monitoring and safety assessment of existing lining structures. Although numerous in situ tests and simulations had been carried out to investigate blast-induced vibrations of existing tunnels due to excavation of new tunnels (mostly by bench excavation method), research on the overall dynamical response of existing service tunnels in terms of not only BVV but also stress/strain seemed limited for new tunnels excavated by the full-section blasting method. In this paper, the impacts of blast-induced vibrations from a new tunnel on an existing railway tunnel in Xinjiang, China were comprehensively investigated by using laboratory tests, in situ monitoring and numerical simulations. The measured data from laboratory tests and in situ monitoring were used to determine the parameters needed for numerical simulations, and were compared with the calculated results. Based on the results from in situ monitoring and numerical simulations, which were consistent with each other, the original blasting design and corresponding parameters were adjusted to reduce the maximum BVV, which proved to be effective and safe. The effect of both the static stress before blasting vibrations and the dynamic stress induced by blasting on the total stresses in the existing tunnel lining is also discussed. The methods and related results presented could be applied in projects with similar ground and distance between old and new tunnels if the new tunnel is to be excavated by the full-section blasting method.     

Investigation of manganese tolerance and accumulation of two Mn hyperaccumulators Phytolacca americana L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. in the real Mn-contaminated soils near a manganese mine

Up to date, very few studies have examined the phytoextraction ability of hyperaccumulators in the real soils contaminated with heavy metals following the identification of the hyperaccumulators using hydroponics tests. In the present study, amended with a chemical-mobilizing agent of ethylene diamine triacetic acid (EDTA), the manganese accumulation, tolerance and the hyperaccumulating ability of two hyperaccumulators Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) and Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) proved by previous hydroponics tests were examined using pot experiments with paddy soils contaminated with Mn (1,047 ± 53 mg kg^?1) collected from one site in the vicinity of one manganese mine in Xiushan county of Chongqing, China. Results showed that the root and shoot biomass of P. americana and the chlorophyll production of P. hydropiper were significantly inhibited by EDTA treatments while the chlorophyll production of P. americana was oppositely obviously promoted by EDTA. It is noteworthy that, with or without EDTA treatment, the shoot Mn concentrations of both plant species were significantly below the hyperaccumulator threshold, indicating these two plants concealed their hyperaccumulating ability in the studied soils. Thus, further detailed studies need to be conducted to promote the metal hyperaccumulating capacity of these two plant species under comparably low Mn-contaminated soil conditions as shown in this study before the successful application of these Mn hyperaccumulators identified in laboratories to the phytoextraction of lightly or moderately Mn-contaminated agricultural soils.     

Re–Os molybdenite ages and zircon Hf isotopes of the Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in the Tibetan Orogen

The Miocene porphyry Cu–(Mo) deposits in the Gangdese orogenic belt in southern Tibet were formed in a post-subduction collisional setting. They are closely related to the Miocene adakite-like porphyries which were probably derived from a thickened basaltic lower crust. Furthermore, mantle components have been considered to have played a crucial role in formation of these porphyry deposits (Hou et al. Ore Geol Rev 36: 25–51, 2009; Miner Deposita doi:10.1007/s00126-012-0415-6, 2012). In this study, we present zircon Hf isotopes and molybdenite Re–Os ages on the newly discovered Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit in southern Tibet to constrain the magma source of the intrusions and the timing of mineralization. The Gangjiang porphyry Cu–Mo deposit is located in the Nimu ore field in the central Gangdese porphyry deposits belt, southern Tibet. The copper and molybdenum mineralization occur mainly as disseminations and veins in the overlapped part of the potassic and phyllic alteration zones, and are predominantly hosted in the quartz monzonite stock and in contact with the rhyodacite porphyry stock. SIMS zircon U–Pb dating of the pre-mineral quartz monzonite stock and late intra-mineral rhyodacite porphyry yielded ages of 14.73?±?0.13 Ma (2σ) and 12.01?±?0.29 Ma (2σ), respectively. These results indicate that the magmatism could have lasted as long as about 2.7 Ma for the Gangjiang deposit. The newly obtained Re–Os model ages vary from 12.51?±?0.19 Ma (2σ) to 12.85?±?0.18 Ma (2σ) for four molybdenite samples. These Re–Os ages are roughly coincident with the rhyodacite porphyry U–Pb zircon age, and indicate a relatively short-lived episode of ore deposition (ca. 0.3 Ma). In situ Hf isotopic analyses on zircons by using LA-MC-ICP-MS indicate that the ε _Hf(t) values of zircons from a quartz monzonite sample vary from +2.25 to +4.57 with an average of +3.33, while zircons from a rhyodacite porphyry sample vary from +5.53 to +7.81 with an average of +6.64. The Hf data indicate that mantle components could be partly involved in the deposit formation, and that mantle contributions might have increased over time from ca. 14.7 to 12.0 Ma. Combined with previous works, it is proposed that the Gangjiang deposit could have resulted from the convective thinning of the lithospheric root, and the input of upper mantle components into the magma could have played a key role in the formation of the porphyry deposits in the Miocene Gangdese porphyry copper belt in the Tibetan Orogen.     

Cell Size-Dependent Effects of Solar UV Radiation on Primary Production in Coastal Waters of the South China Sea

In order to examine the effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) on photosynthesis of differently cell-sized phytoplankton, natural phytoplankton assemblages from the coastal waters of the South China Sea were separated into three groups (>20, 5–20, and <5 μm) and exposed to four different solar UV spectral regimes, i.e., 280–700 nm (PAR?+?UVR), 400–700 nm (PAR), 280–400 nm (UV-A?+?B), and 315–400 nm (UV-A). In situ carbon fixation measurements revealed that microplankton (>20 μm) efficiently utilized UV-A for photosynthetic carbon fixation, with assimilation number of up to 1.01 μg C (μg chl a)^?1?h^?1 under 21.4 W?m^?2 UV-A alone (about half of noontime irradiance at the surface), about 40 % higher than nanoplankton (5–20 μm). UV-B (280–315 nm) of 0.95 W?m^?2 reduced the carbon fixation by approximately 20 and 57 % in microplankton and nanoplankton assemblages, respectively. In contrast, smaller picoplankton (<5 μm) was unable to utilize UV-A for the photosynthetic carbon fixation. In addition, only micro-sized assemblages demonstrated the UV enhancement on their primary productivity in the presence of PAR, by about 8 % under moderate intensities of solar radiation.     

吉林省北部西土山火山岩的地质特征及其形成的地质时代

本文以实际资料，叙述了西土山火山岩的地质、岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素等方面的特征。与中国晚三叠世火山岩对比较吻合。且以较丰富的古生物及同位素年龄资料论证了西土山火山岩的地质时代属晚三叠世。     

鲁西河控浅水三角洲沉积体系及煤聚集规律

大型河控浅水三角洲沉积体系发育于鲁西石炭二叠纪含煤地层的上部，是晚古生代大规模海退时期陆源碎屑物质快速推进的产物。在论述鲁西河控浅水三角洲沉积体系的成因相及其内部构成基础上，将其划分为上三角洲平原和下三角洲平原两大部分，前者在鲁西地区发育最好。研究表明，河控浅水三角洲沉积体系经历了由发育到废期两个完整的演化阶段，废弃阶段为聚煤作用最强，成煤期最好的时期。而且，聚煤作用与沉积体系废戏延续的时间有关，     

石灰岩表面溶针孔的初步研究——以川西北九寨沟、南斯拉夫第那尔喀斯特区域为例

本文讨论了壳状石内地衣作用于石灰岩表形成的尺度在10-4～10-3m的“溶针孔”的形成机理及其研究的潜在理论价值和实用意义。      

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,出露良好,是研究上扬子地区海相地层的理想剖面之一。根据地层划分与对比,将其分为下三叠统夜郎组、茅草铺组和中三叠统关岭组。该剖面以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩为主,其中碳酸盐岩占67％,在夜郞组、茅草铺组和关岭组均有分布;碎屑岩占24％,主要分布于夜郎组。研究表明,松坎剖面中、下三叠统是一套多旋回沉积,其中夜郎组包括2个海进海退旋回,属于潮坪、开阔台地和浅滩沉积环境;茅草铺组包括3个海进海退旋回,属于开阔台地和局限台地沉积环境;关岭组总体上为海退沉积,属于局限台地和潮坪沉积环境。在沉积环境分析的基础上,建立了松坎剖面中、下三叠统的沉积模式,即潮坪-局限台地-浅滩-开阔台地沉积模式。     

多排抗滑桩设计中的推力分担比模拟

山区铁路修建过程中,大型滑坡常采用多排抗滑桩的工程措施进行加固治理。目前常规的计算方法无法准确计算出作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小以及分担比。以ANSYS大型数值有限元软件为手段,以六沾线曹家山滑坡为研究对象。通过进行数值计算的方式得到作用在每排抗滑桩上的推力大小,并统计出相应每排桩所承担的滑坡下滑推力比,该方法为抗滑桩的最终结构计算提供更为科学、合理的依据,从而避免了原方法存在的种种局限性,为多排抗滑桩的设计提供了一种行之有效的解决办法。     

从高密度电阻率法数据中抽取电测深曲线进行解释

对于碳酸盐岩地层中的多层岩溶、溶洞洞高较小或顺层岩溶,直接从高密度电阻率拟断面图和反演电阻率断面图上难以将其区分。通过从高密度电法数据中抽取电测深曲线,对一系列测点的电测深视电阻率曲线进行解释,同时结合其视电阻率拟断面图和反演电阻率断面图作出推断,能有效地将上述岩溶进行区分。在湖南省某高速公路跨线桥墩台桩基工程基础勘探中的实践表明,使用该方法可获得较好的地质解释效果。