Comparative study on Co<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions from different types of alpine meadows during grass exuberance period

Potentilla fruticosa scrub,Kobresia humilis meadow andKobresia tibetica meadow are widely distributed on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. During the grass exuberance period from 3 July to 4 September, based on close chamber-GC method, a study on CO₂ emissions from different treatments was conducted in these meadows at Haibei research station, CAS. Results indicated that mean CO₂ emission rates from various treatments were 672.09±152.37 mgm^-2h^-1 for FC (grass treatment); 425.41± 191.99 mgm^-2h^-1 for FJ (grass exclusion treatment); 280.36±174.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for FL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); 838.95±237.02 mgm^-2h^-1 for GG (scrub+grass treatment); 528.48±205.67 mgm^-2h^-1 for GC (grass treatment); 268.97±99.72 mgm^-2h^-1 for GL (grass and roots exclusion treatment); and 659.20±94.83 mgm^-2h^-1 for LC (grass treatment), respectively (FC, FJ, FL, GG, GC, GL, LC were the Chinese abbreviation for various treatments). Furthermore,Kobresia humilis meadow,Potentilla fruticosa scrub meadow andKobresia tibetica meadow differed greatly in average CO₂ emission rate of soil-plant system, in the order of GG>FC>LC>GC. Moreover, inKobresia humilis meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 42% and 58% of the total respiration of soil-plant system respectively, whereas, inPotentilla fruticosa scrub meadow, heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration accounted for 32% and 68% of total system respiration from GG; 49% and 51% from GC. In addition, root respiration fromKobresia humilis meadow approximated 145 mgCO₂m^-2h^-1, contributed 34% to soil respiration. During the experiment period,Kobresia humilis meadow andPotentilla fruticosa scrub meadow had a net carbon fixation of 111.11 gm^-2 and 243.89 gm^-2, respectively. Results also showed that soil temperature was the main factor which influenced CO₂ emission from alpine meadow ecosystem, significant correlations were found between soil temperature at 5 cm depth and emission from GG, GC, FC and FJ treatments. In addition, soil moisture may be the inhibitory factor of CO₂ emission fromKobresia tibetica meadow, and more detailed analyses should be done in further research.     

新丰江水库1961~1999年小震综合机制解结果分析

采用新丰江水库地区自1961年下半年到1999年底近40年的大量小震，分时段、分块计算小震综合机制解. 运用莫尔应力圆讨论分析水压应力场的作用特点. 小震综合机制统计结果表明，地震的破裂方式由6.1级主震前的走滑型为主转变为主震后的正断型破裂为主；主压应力P轴的方位和倾角随水库水位的不同表现有所差别.      

第四纪钻孔基本属性管理系统的AO实现方法研究

第四纪钻孔与基础地质、水文地质钻孔有所不同，常有更为复杂的测试和实验资料。从第四纪钻孔的基本特征出发，讨论了ArcGIS平台下利用ArcObjects(AO)进行第四纪钻孔属性管理系统的开发，简要说明了系统具有的功能及特色。实践表明，AO具有开发简单、快速、高效、易于扩展等特点，是在ArcGIS上进行相关信息系统研制的有效工具。     

粘土对丙烯基复合吸水树脂性能的影响研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙NN(AA)为原料，以不同粒径的粘士(MMT)为无机填料采用水溶液聚合法合成了复合吸水树脂，讨论了MMT对其吸水性、保水性、韧性、抗温性、抗盐性的影响及其影响机理。结果表明，MMT的粒径越小，吸水树脂吸水倍率越低，韧性、抗盐性、抗温性等性能就越好；可通过调整MMT粒径来提高树脂的综合性能。     

Analysis on small-earthquake composite fault plane solutions from 1961 to 1999 in Xinfengjiang reservoir area

Introduction XFJ reservoir has been about 40 years since its water loading in 1959 and has induced a great number of earthquakes. The largest one was the M = 6.1 earthquake occurred on March 19, 1962. Since then, a large amount of seismologists in our country have made many researches on the in-duced earthquake. In the paper, we have studied XFJ reservoir earthquakes and their relation with water cyclic fluctuation by using the mechanism solutions of small earthquakes occurred in these 40 y…     

宿州市地下水含铁量高浅析

宿州市地下水中铁的含量在1.12～8.50 mg/l之间,超过<生活饮用水标准>(GB5749-85)(＜0.3mg/L)的4～28倍,本文根据含水层的沉积特征、铁的水文地球化学特性,通过采样分析了地下水含铁量高的原因,并提出了相应的解决方法.     

上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展

地震台阵是在与所观测地震波波长相当的孔径范围内有规则排列安装若干地震计的地震观测系统,它采用独特的地震数据处理方法,将各子台的数据会聚在一起,抑制地面噪声,提高信噪比并获取有关震源及地球内部结构的信息,从而获得比单个地震台更强的地震监测能力,特别是提取微弱地震信号的能力.同时,由于地下介质普遍为各向异性的,利用地震台阵可以研究地球内部介质的各向异性并为地球动力学提供有效的数据质量保证.目前地震台阵已成为全球地震监测网的重要部分,是一种先进的地震观测技术.应用地震台阵可监测较远处的微震事件,因而有利于对那些不宜于正当地架设台站的地区进行地震监测,特别是近海海域地区的地震监测.     

The Statistical Analysis of Migration of Strong Earthquakes─Taking the North China Region as an Example

INTRODUCTIONMigrationofstrongearthquakesisaphenomenonwherebystrongearthquakestakeplaceinsuccessionincertainspatiallyregularpatterns (ZhangGuomin ,etal,2 0 0 1 ) .Seismologistsintheworldhavenoticedthisphenomenonforalongtime .Manyinstanceswerediscoveredinthepastdecades ,suchasthemigrationofstrongearthquakesalongtheNorthAnatolianFaultinTurkeysince1 939(Richter,1 958)andthemigrationofaseriesofearthquakes (MS ≥ 6 0 )aftertheMS7 9earthquakeinKwandong ,Japan (Utsu ,1 987) .Theexamplesofre…     

一种基于抗差自校正Kalman滤波的GPS导航算法

为减弱异常观测值对自校正Kalman滤波精度的影响,引入抗差M估计的等价权函数,建立了抗差自校正Kalman滤波算法,并用实例进行了验证。计算表明,该自适应滤波算法在完全未知噪声统计的情况下,不仅能够自适应地求解状态参数,而且还能在一定程度上有效地抵制观测异常对导航解的影响。     

钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力评估研究

根据我国建筑抗震设计规范，借鉴建筑结构强度和延性的抗震能力评估理念，提出了评估钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量方法。在利用ETABS集成软件完成建筑结构内力分析后，应用本研究编写的结构抗震能力评估计算程序，实现了对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震能力的定量评估。实例评估表明，该方法除可定量评估建筑结构抗震能力外，还可从评估结果了解造成抗震能力不足的原因。