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Heather McNairn Catherine Champagne Jiali Shang Delmar Holmstrom Gordon Reichert 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(5):434-449
Agriculture plays a critical role within Canada’s economy and, as such, sustainability of this sector is of high importance. Targeting and monitoring programs designed to promote economic and environmental sustainability are a vital component within Canada’s agricultural policy. A hierarchy of land information, including up to date information on cropping practices, is needed to measure the impacts of programs on land use decision-making and to gauge the environmental and economic benefits of these investments. A multi-year, multi-site research activity was completed to develop a robust methodology to inventory crops across Canada’s large and diverse agricultural landscapes. To move towards operational implementation the methodology must deliver accurate crop inventories, with consistency and reliability. In order to meet these operational requirements and to mitigate risk associated with reliance on a single data source, the methodology integrated both optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The results clearly demonstrated that multi-temporal satellite data can successfully classify crops for a variety of cropping systems present across Canada. Overall accuracies of at least 85% were achieved, and most major crops were also classified to this level of accuracy. Although multi-temporal optical data would be the preferred data source for crop classification, a SAR-optical dataset (two Envisat ASAR images and one optical image) provided acceptable accuracies and will mitigate risk associated with operational implementation. The preferred dual-polarization mode would be VV–VH. Not only were these promising classification results repeated year after year, but the target accuracies were met consistently for multiple sites across Canada, all with varying cropping systems. 相似文献
43.
Songhao Shang 《水文研究》2012,26(22):3338-3343
Calculation of actual crop evapotranspiration under soil water stress conditions is crucial for hydrological modeling and irrigation water management. Results of actual evapotranspiration depend on the estimation of water stress coefficient from soil water storage in the root zone, which varies with numerical methods and time step used. During soil water depletion periods without irrigation or precipitation, the actual crop evapotranspiration can be calculated by an analytical method and various numerical methods. We compared the results from several commonly used numerical methods, including the explicit, implicit and modified Euler methods, the midpoint method, and the Heun's third‐order method, with results of the analytical method as the bench mark. Results indicate that relative errors of actual crop evapotranspiration calculated with numerical methods in one time step are independent of the initial soil water storage in the range of soil water stress. Absolute values of relative error decrease with the order of numerical methods. They also decrease with the number of time step, which can ensure the numerical stability of successive simulation of soil water balance. Considering the calculation complexity and calculation errors caused by numerical approximation for different time step and maximum crop evapotranspiration, the explicit Euler method is recommended for the time step of 1 day (d) or 2 d for maximum crop evapotranspiration less than 5 mm/d, the midpoint method or the modified Euler method for the time step of up to one week or 10 d for maximum crop evapotranspiration less than 5 mm/d, and the Heun's third‐order method for the time step of up to 15 d. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
华北晚古生代聚煤盆地造盆构造述略 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文从盆地基底、盆地基盘及盆地发育期构造演化三个层次讨论了华北晚古生代聚煤盆地的造盆构造特征。文中提出了盆地基盘概念,阐述释了华北地台晚古生代积活动肇始的构造机理,对华力西阶段华北板块板缘活动及其板内地层记录进行了对应研究。 相似文献
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Yung C. Shang Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):299-305
The economics of aquaculture is reviewed on two levels: micro and macro. Micro-economics in aquaculture deals mainly with the management measures and elements affecting the efficiency of operation at the farm level, while macro-economics addresses the assessment of social benefits and costs of an aquaculture project. If aquaculture is socially beneficial but unattractive to private investors, public support on credit, marketing, extension, training, and research may be appropriate, especially during the early stages of development.The importance of economic analysis is emphasized since it provides a basis not only in the decision making of the individual farmer, but also in the formulation of aquaculture policies. Thus, greater attention should be focused on the improvement of economic data for analysis. 相似文献
47.
位移时空综合分析法及其在深基坑中的应用 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
对于岩土工程设计和施工来说,如何对监测所获的位移信息进行分析十分重要。以往主要采用位移-时间的分析方法。但为了使信息在修改设计和指导施工方面起更大作用,本文提出位移空间比较分析法,并主张与常用的位移-时间分析方法结合使用,以形成所谓位移时空综合分析法。在济南彩云大厦深基坑等的成功应用,表明该法是可行的。 相似文献
48.
腰椎管侧隐窝分型及影响侧隐窝狭窄症诊断的几个因素(附120例CTM分析) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者对120例因下腰痛手术治疗在术前进行过CTM检查的患者作了影像学及临床分析.按形态不同,侧隐窝可分为五种类型:(1)三角型,即整个椎管呈倒三角形,其侧隐窝完全开放;(2)猫耳型,因后关节和椎体后缘轻度增生,形成底宽顶尖的侧隐窝,整个椎管形如猫头,侧脸窝为猫耳,基本开放;(3)牛角型,因关节突向椎体方向过度增生使侧隐窝呈横向伸开的带状,中央椎管不窄,横断面形如牛头,侧阴窝为牛角,严重者侧隐窝可近于闭塞;(4)三叶草型,极度增生的关节突加上向后实入的椎体后缘使整个椎管呈三叶草状,侧隐窝和中央椎管均狭窄;(5)混合型,多为上述形状的混合或两侧侧隐窝发育不对称.前二型不易形成对神经的压迫,后三型易造成压迫.但即使最狭窄的侧隐窝也不一定产生症状,因为关键在于神经根和侧隐窝的宽度的相对关系.因此作者提出单纯依靠侧隐窝的宽度不能诊断侧隐窝狭窄症,而是要判断神经是否被侧隐窝压迫.因此CTM在侧隐窝狭窄症的诊断中有突出意义. 相似文献
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50.
The 0S2~0S54 spheroidal modes of Earth’s free oscillations, triggered by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 are retrieved from VHZ data recorded by seven upgraded stations of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). We compare these spheroidal modes with theoretical free oscillation spectra calculated from the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) and find a coincidence between their periods. Spectral splitting phenomenon is observed obviously in 0S2, 0S3, 0S4, 2S1 and 1S2 free oscillation modes. What is most noticeable is that the oscillation mode 2S1 is reported for the second time (the first time by Rosat et al) without any data stacking. We simulated the split singlet of 0S2 mode on seven CDSN stations based on general focal mechanism and seismic moment of the earthquake. The result shows that seismic moment of the earthquake can reach 1023 N.m. We also find that the recording of Earth’s free oscillations carries abundant information of source mechanism and earthquake location, which is applicable to the detailed study of source rupture parameters. 相似文献