Multifrequency radio observations of coronal holes,filaments and cavities on RATAN–600

On the basis of multifrequency solar radio observations made on RATAN–600 radiotelescope with high spatial resolution at nine wavelengths in the 2–32–wavelength range is shown that filaments and cavities are well detected on the solar scans at short centimeter wavelengths as the regions of low radio brightness with angular dimensions of 25′–80′ in E—W direction. The tendency of decreasing radio sizes for cavities and filaments from 2.0 to 8.0 cm is observed. The coronal hole (CH) is more contrast in the range of 8–32 cm. The radio size of CH in E—N direction increases from 2′ (at 8.2) to 5′.0 (at 31.6 cm). The spectra of the brightness temperature of CH and the quiet Sun are obtained. The brightness temperature of CH is twice lower than that of the quiet Sun at wavelength of 31.6 cm.     

Modelling of electromagnetic fields in thin heterogeneous layers with application to field generation by volcanoes—theory and example

When interpreting electromagnetic fields observed at the Earth's surface in a realistic geophysical environment it is often necessary to pay special attention to the effects caused by inhomogeneities of the subsurface sedimentary and/or water layer and by inhomogeneities of the Earth's crust. The inhomogeneities of the Earth's crust are expected to be especially important when the electromagnetic field is generated by a source located in a magma chamber of a volcano. The simulation of such effects can be carried out using generalized thin-sheet models, which were independently introduced by Dmitriev (1969 ) and Ranganayaki & Madden (1980 ). In the first part of the paper, a system of integral equations is derived for the horizontal current that flows in the subsurface inhomogeneous conductive layer and for the vertical current crossing the inhomogeneous resistive layer representing the Earth's mantle. The terms relating to the finite thickness of the laterally inhomogeneous part of the model are retained in the equations. This only marginally complicates the equations, whilst allowing for a significant expansion of the approximation limits.
  The system of integral equations is solved using the iterative dissipative method developed by the authors in the period from 1978 to 1988. The method can be applied to the simulation of the electromagnetic field in an arbitrary inhomogeneous medium that dissipates the electromagnetic energy. When considered on a finite numerical grid, the integral equations are reduced to a system of linear equations that possess the same contraction properties as the original equations. As a result, the rate at which the iterative-perturbation sequence converges to the solution remains independent of the numerical grid used for the calculations. In contrast to previous publications on the method, aspects of the algorithm implementation that guarantee its effectiveness and robustness are discussed here.     

地磁内、外源场分离及其强震前内、外源电流体系的演化特征

利用地磁内外源场分离方法,反演1997年11月8日玛尼地震前地下和空间等效电流体系的演化图像,分析了地磁低点位移出现前后等效电流体系变化特征.结果表明:内、外场等效电流体系的变化与地震"低点位移"异常现象有着内在的联系,等效电流体系变化可能是地磁低点位移异常现象产生的原因之一.     

乌拉特后旗测老庙拗陷西北缘一典型入湖三角洲剖面露头简介——测老庙拗陷地质研究和实习基地典型露头之二

内蒙古西部狼山以北的测老庙拗陷中主要充填着下白垩统巴音戈壁组陆相碎屑岩。拗陷的西部边缘主要出露灰黑色页岩,偶见巨厚层砂砾岩为主构成的河流相三角洲入湖沉积体。一条近南北向延伸100多米、深达20余米的冲沟切割出一个非常完整的三角洲入湖砂体纵剖面,从下而上依次显示出由灰黑色页岩夹泥灰岩组成的底积层,由砂砾岩组成的前积层和相似组分的顶积层,而在顶积层之上还见上覆旋回的部分前积层下部层序。根据顶积层和前积层产状判断,露头点处古流向为SSW,说明物源区在北侧,而湖泊主体在南部。根据三角洲顶积层和前积层特征判断,该早白垩世入湖三角洲应为辫状河三角洲。完整的三角洲天然露头十分罕见,研究者往往借助于地震或雷达等手段间接地探讨三角洲的结构特征,而本露头为人们野外现场观察三角洲的结构层特征提供了最为直观的例子。     

巫山望霞危岩应急勘查钻探施工方法

巫山望霞危岩加剧变形崩塌,严重威胁当地居民及长江航运的安全,引起重庆市人民政府及国土资源部的高度重视。危岩应急抢险勘查的钻探施工是查清危岩裂隙发育程度和延伸方向、获得岩土力学参数的重要手段。通过现场踏勘后进行难点预测并制订对策措施。采用金刚石单动双管钻进取心,成功采取了危岩基座软弱带样品;采用井中成像技术,直观地反映了危岩裂隙发育状态。在施工组织管理、设备选型、钻探工艺、井中成像技术以及安全措施等方面,为地质灾害的应急抢险勘查积累了经验。     

贵州省普定县耕地土壤Se分布特征

硒是重要的生命元素之一,对普定县耕地土壤硒分布特征进行研究有利于当地合理有效的开发利用富硒土地资源。本文通过对研究区3613件表层土壤样品中全硒含量进行检测分析,发现硒在土壤中的分布特征表现为明显富集于表层土,表层土壤硒含量在不同类型的土壤中的特征为:紫色土＞黄壤＞石灰土＞水稻土,而在不同成土母岩的土壤中表现为:岩浆岩＞白云岩＞碎屑岩＞灰岩;土壤硒元素主要来源于成土母岩,硒在土壤中的分布则受到土壤性质的影响,主要影响因素为pH值、土壤有机质及土壤磷的含量;本文调查发现研究区富硒(0430 mg/kg)耕地面积为4574万亩,占全县耕地总面积的7505%。     

原生硅酸盐矿物风化产物的研究进展——以云母和长石为例

研究云母和长石等原生硅酸盐矿物的风化速率和风化产物对于深入理解土壤发生过程、营养元素循环以及全球气候变化具有重要的理论意义。本文从自然风化、人工化学风化和生物风化3方面总结了原生硅酸盐矿物风化作用及其产物的特点，重点阐述了微生物参与下的生物风化作用和生物矿化作用及其意义。野外观察和室内实验研究结果表明，微生物可以加速矿物的分解，而且其细胞表面及其产生的胞外多聚糖可以作为次生矿物成核的模板。     

Stellar mass estimation based on IRAC photometry for Spitzer SWIRE-field galaxies

We analyze the feasibility of estimating the stellar mass of galaxies by mid-infrared luminosities based on a large sample of galaxies cross-identified from Spitzer SWIRE fields and the SDSS spectrographic survey.We derived the formulae to calculate the stellar mass by using IRAC 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm luminosities.The massto-luminosity ratios of IRAC 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm luminosities are more sensitive to the star formation history of galaxies than to other factors,such as the intrinsic extinction,metallicity and star formation rate.To remove the effect of star formation history,we used g-r color to recalibrate the formulae and obtain a better result.Researchers must be more careful when estimating the stellar mass of low metallicity galaxies using our formulae.Due to the emission from dust heated by the hottest young stars,luminous infrared galaxies present higher IRAC 4.5 μm luminosities compared to IRAC 3.6 μm luminosities.For most of type-Ⅱ AGNs,the nuclear activity cannot enhance 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm luminosities compared with normal galaxies.Star formation in our AGNhosting galaxies is also very weak,almost all of which are early-type galaxies.     

南京长江四桥附近长江古河谷沉积层序

根据南京长江四桥附近地质钻孔资料,绘制长江古河谷地质剖面示意图。在3个钻孔采集了年代样品,10个钻孔采集了粒度样品。01号孔在-59.4m深度上河床相圆砾石层中沉积物样品有机质的14C年代为14682±110年,邻近钻孔在-33.1～-33.3m深度上粉细砂中有机质的14C年代为10822±240年。通过对典型钻孔沉积层序及沉积物颗粒级配的分析,得知古河谷充填了3期从粗到细的沉积旋回,约-65m以下深槽中的沉积旋回应是末次盛冰期沉积,约-65m～-35m的应是晚冰期沉积,约-35m以上是全新世以来的沉积。