广西桂平西山井水位同震特征和机理初探

收集了2008~2016年广西桂平西山井水位观测数据及全球5级以上地震资料,分析井孔记录水震波的能力、水震波形态特征及影响因素,初步探讨了西山井同震的机理,获得以下认识:桂平西山井对全球M_S≥7地震具有较好的同震响应能力,水震波的形态主要为振荡型,少数呈现阶升型。井-含水层观测系统、地震震级、井震距是影响井孔记录水震波能力的主要因素。含水层介质受瑞利面波作用会发生体积变化,导致水位振荡,是形成振荡型水震波的可能机理。阶变型水震波的形成与区域应力场增强、介质变化及构造活动等因素有关。西山井水位阶升与周边中强地震活动存在较好对应关系,该认识可为地震预测研究提供参考。     

Application of GT-2A Gravimetric Complex in the Problems of Airborne Gravimetry

The airborne gravity measurements both in Russia and abroad widely use the GT-2A aerogravimetric complex. This complex has a number of benefits but suffers from a serious limitation: in high latitudes, it is incapable of making measurements on westward courses. In this paper, we consider the causes of this drawback and propose theoretical solutions to fix it. Based on the obtained extensive empirical data, we select the most suitable solution. This enables us to suggest a modification of the GT-2A gravimetric complex for conducting airborne gravity surveys in the regions of the polar caps of the Earth.     

Methods for Local Recovery of Tectonic Stresses Based on Kinematic Data: Physical Inconsistency and False Objectives. Part I

This work criticizes the entrenched views according to which the orientation of the principal tectonic stress axes can be determined from local (in time and space) observations of the kinematic indicators which jointly allow estimating the strain rate of a crustal block under study. The criticized approach ignores or replaces by subjective assumptions the following factors: (1) The block’s interaction with a hosting medium expressed in terms of the equilibrium conditions of the block; (2) The stress rate which (in addition to stresses) can affect the strain rate; (3)The specific macroscopic mechanical properties of the block’s material under the unknown sought stresses, including the ratio of the stress relaxation time to the period of observations. This approach, which is developed in some Solid Earth sciences and mainly in tectonophysics, is referred to in our paper as the method of local kinematic reconstruction (MLKR) of stresses. After briefly surveying the concept of forces and stresses and discussing the importance of studying the tectonic stresses, this paper refutes the MLKR notions based on general arguments and by the example of certain thought experiments. It is shown that the use of the MLKR for the conditions of the Earth’s interior does not guarantee against obtaining the results that fundamentally and drastically differ from the true tectonic stresses. In the studied rock block, depending on the factors ignored in the MLKR, the principal axes of the strain rate tensor, on one hand, and the principal stress axes, on the other hand, can be oriented discordantly in any arbitrary given fashion. In particular, in the processes accompanied by the release of elastic energy, the maximal rate of elongation can be oriented along the axis of maximal compression, whereas the maximal rate of shortening can be aligned with the axis of the maximal tension. In this paper, the deformation processes that are most detrimental to the results of stress reconstruction by the MLKR are revealed. We introduce the notion of the inherited stress-state regime in which the orientation of the axes of principal stresses during the observation period does not depend on the deformation process and, hence, cannot be in principle determined by the MLKR. An attempt to directly locally recover the stress axes from the kinematic data is a false objective because neither the physical meaning of the stress tensor nor the way it is introduced has anything to do with strains. It is concluded that the MLKR is physically inadequate and that the tectonophysical concept of locality should be abandoned in favor of returning to the notions of classical physics, namely, to using the conservation laws. By the example of several guides on tectonophysics, this paper exposes typical errors in understanding the stress reconstruction problem.     

Chemometric Differentiation of Oil Families and Their Potential Source Rocks in the Gulf of Suez

Natural Resources Research - An oil–oil and oil–source rock correlation study was carried out using chemometric methods applied to geochemical data for 123 Upper Cretaceous—Lower...     

基于高效统计模型预测9月北极航道沿线海冰范围

The rapid decrease in Arctic sea ice cover and thickness not only has a linkage with extreme weather in the midlatitudes but also brings more opportunities for Arctic shipping routes and polar resource exploration, both of which motivate us to further understand causes of sea-ice variations and to obtain more accurate estimates of seaice cover in the future. Here, a novel data-driven method, the causal effect networks algorithm, is applied to identify the direct precursors of September sea-ice extent covering the Northern Sea Route and Transpolar Sea Route at different lead times so that statistical models can be constructed for sea-ice prediction. The whole study area was also divided into two parts: the northern region covered by multiyear ice and the southern region covered by seasonal ice. The forecast models of September sea-ice extent in the whole study area(TSIE) and southern region(SSIE) at lead times of 1–4 months can explain over 65% and 79% of the variances, respectively,but the forecast skill of sea-ice extent in the northern region(NSIE) is limited at a lead time of 1 month. At lead times of 1–4 months, local sea-ice concentration and sea-ice thickness have a larger influence on September TSIE and SSIE than other teleconnection factors. When the lead time is more than 4 months, the surface meridional wind anomaly from northern Europe in the preceding autumn or early winter is dominant for September TSIE variations but is comparable to thermodynamic factors for NSIE and SSIE. We suggest that this study provides a complementary approach for predicting regional sea ice and is helpful in evaluating and improving climate models.     

Results of the First Year of the 3BS Polar Search Program

Astronomy Letters - We present the results of the first year of searching for polar candidates within the 3BS (3-Band Survey) program using medium-band filters. Observational data for 84 selected...     

异常气候和环境对刺参养殖业的影响及应对策略

为有效化解或降低异常气候和环境对我国刺参(Apostichopus japonicas)养殖生产造成的不良影响,进一步增强产业抵御风险能力,概述了近10年来"厄尔尼诺"和"拉尼娜"等世界性气候变化不同程度引发的持续高温、集中强降雨、长期大范围冰封等极端天气现象,以及海洋生态持续恶化导致的有害藻华泛滥、围海造礁等环境突变现象对我国刺参养殖产量、产品质量造成的直接影响,调查研究了灾害发生对刺参养殖业发展造成的次生影响,结合产业现状,分别从基础设施、苗种质量、技术集成创新、风险意识、产业链结构以及保障机制等方面系统分析了当前刺参养殖应对异常气候和环境影响的短板问题,有针对性的提出了应对措施与防范策略建议,以期为保障我国刺参养殖产业持续、高效、健康发展提供有益的借鉴。     

pH胁迫对不同规格刺参生长及免疫酶活性的影响

以大、中、小3种不同规格的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为对象,在pH为7.3、7.5、8.2、8.7、8.9不同环境中养殖30d,观测刺参行为、生长及溶菌酶(LZM)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:当pH为7.5、8.7时, 3种不同规格刺参均能正常活动、摄食、生长,未表现出异常状况;若超出此范围,刺参出现粪便细短、残饵增多、摄食量减少等现象,尤其在pH 8.9时,中规格刺参有明显棘刺收缩的现象,小规格刺参不同程度地出现身体收缩、棘刺平滑状态,而大规格刺参无明显表观不适现象。不同pH对3种规格刺参的特定生长率(SGR)有显著影响,随着pH升高或者降低,刺参SGR均逐渐下降,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),规格越小刺参受到抑制作用越大;刺参LZM、SOD、CAT活性随pH胁迫时间的延长呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在第10天时达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P0.05),至30 d胁迫结束时,在pH 7.3、8.9条件下,刺参免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05),而pH为7.5、8.7时,刺参免疫酶活性与对照差异不显著; pH胁迫对不同规格刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异,在相同胁迫条件下,酶活性依次为大规格中规格小规格,当pH7.3、8.9时,小中大规格分别在胁迫20 d、25 d、25 d后免疫酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.05)。研究表明, pH胁迫会对刺参生长及免疫产生明显的影响,在刺参养殖过程中, pH属关键的理化因子之一,应密切关注其变化。     

北部湾北部海域水体异养细菌的时空分布特征研究

为探讨环境因素对异养细菌丰度的影响,2016年9月至2017年8月通过月度航次调查对北部湾北部海域异养细菌丰度的时空分布特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,调查海区异养细菌丰度介于（2.75~56.86）×105 cell/mL,平均值为（11.01±6.31）×105 cell/mL。各季节细菌丰度从高至低依次为:夏季、春季、冬季、秋季。异养细菌丰度由近岸海域向西南深水区方向逐渐降低,在近岸浅水区垂直分布均匀,在水深大于20 m的海区出现季节性分层现象:表层细菌丰度较高,底层细菌丰度较低。主成分分析显示温度对异养细菌时空分布有重要影响,秋、冬季异养细菌丰度与温度呈显著负相关,在春、夏季呈显著正相关。细菌丰度与盐度呈显著负相关,说明海水盐度变化是细菌时空分布重要影响因素。异养细菌丰度与叶绿素a和溶解氧含量呈显著正相关,表明浮游植物初级生产过程影响了异养细菌的时空分布。在秋、冬和春3季异养细菌丰度与营养盐水平呈显著负相关,二者关系受浮游植物生物量间接影响。异养细菌时空分布差异取决于环境条件的变化,温度、盐度、叶绿素a和溶解氧含量是影响异养细菌丰度分布的主要因素。     

一次东北冷涡背景下MCS过程多尺度能量相互作用研究

采用WRF模式对东北冷涡背景下MCS过程进行模拟,利用Barnes滤波将模式数据分解为3个尺度,分别代入相应的能量方程中进行计算,从能量角度研究MCS发展过程,多尺度系统能量相互转化,以及动能与降水的联系。研究表明:在此次过程中各尺度之间都有位能向动能的大量转化,为系统发展提供能量。在对流单体发展到M CS成形前,中低层天气尺度动能减少,天气尺度动能向β中小尺度动能转换,促进对流单体的发展;高层天气尺度动能增强,对应高空急流增强,促进对流系统发展;β中小尺度系统在中层对α中尺度系统有动能输送,促进MCS形成。在MCS形成和发展阶段,各尺度位能向α中尺度和β中小尺度动能转化达到最大。在MCS减弱阶段,天气尺度系统和α中尺度系统在中高层对β中小尺度系统有一定的抑制作用,使β中小尺度系统发展减弱。此次过程中β中小尺度系统是降水的直接成因,动能变化的正值中心对应大的降水中心。