香溪河流域岩溶洞穴发育与分布特征

结合1∶5万水文地质调查,对香溪河岩溶流域溶洞特征进行了探究,统计其溶洞的规模、形态、发育地层、发育方向及分布高程,结果表明:该区洞穴规模中等,受岩性的控制,溶洞的发育表现出对碳酸盐岩岩组类型的选择性,其中寒武-奥陶系地层溶洞发育程度最高;溶洞的发育方向多为北北东和北北西向,与区域构造线一致,同时受本区构造运动间歇性抬升的影响,溶洞集中发育于4个高程区;从溶洞发育的构造部位来看,溶洞主要分布在宽缓向斜的东南翼及向斜核部,平面分布表现出分带性;该区溶洞多发育至早期就停止进一步发育,其规模、类型、分布特征等与鄂西南地区溶洞均存在差异。      

华蓥山中段地区地下水资源量评价

四川华蓥山中段地区水流失比较严重,供需矛盾突出,水环境持续恶化,不但影响到居民正常的生产和生活,而且严重影响了该地区国民经济的建设和发展。通过野外调查和综合分析现场收集的资料,总结出华蓥山中段地区地下水资源量流失情况:该区每年流失的水资源量约为0.914 4亿m3,且华蓥山褶皱西翼水流失总量大于东翼,而西翼北端是区内水流失量最严重的区域,其水资源量流失的影响因素主要为气候、社会发展及人类活动等。      

2021年6-9月广西异常高温成因分析

2021年6-9月广西经历了1951年以来最高的月平均气温,大范围高温天气频发.利用1961-2021年广西国家地面气象观测站日平均气温和日最高气温观测资料、1991-2021年ERA5再分析资料和西太平洋副热带高压指数资料,对此次广西异常高温的特征和成因进行了研究分析.结果 表明,气候变暖是导致此次高温事件的重要气候背景,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强位置偏西偏北、中纬度西风带扰动影响偏北以及热带气旋影响偏弱是造成广西气温异常偏高的主要原因.     

Modelling coastal land use change by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into cellular automata models

This paper presents a spatial autoregressive (SAR) method-based cellular automata (termed SAR-CA) model to simulate coastal land use change, by incorporating spatial autocorrelation into transition rules. The model captures the spatial relationships between explained and explanatory variables and then integrates them into CA transition rules. A conventional CA model (LogCA) based on logistic regression (LR) was studied as a comparison. These two CA models were applied to simulate urban land use change of coastal regions in Ningbo of China from 2000 to 2015. Compared to the LR method, the SAR model yielded smaller accumulated residuals that showed a random distribution in fitting the CA transition rules. The better-fitting SAR model performed well in simulating urban land use change and scored an overall accuracy of 85.3%, improving on the LogCA model by 3.6%. Landscape metrics showed that the pattern generated by the SAR-CA model has less difference with the observed pattern.     

Mapping fine‐scale urban housing prices by fusing remotely sensed imagery and social media data

The accurate mapping of urban housing prices at a fine scale is essential to policymaking and urban studies, such as adjusting economic factors and determining reasonable levels of residential subsidies. Previous studies focus mainly on housing price analysis at a macro scale, without fine‐scale study due to a lack of available data and effective models. By integrating a convolutional neural network for united mining (UMCNN) and random forest (RF), this study proposes an effective deep‐learning‐based framework for fusing multi‐source geospatial data, including high spatial resolution (HSR) remotely sensed imagery and several types of social media data, and maps urban housing prices at a very fine scale. With the collected housing price data from China's biggest online real estate market, we produced the spatial distribution of housing prices at a spatial resolution of 5 m in Shenzhen, China. By comparing with eight other multi‐source data mining techniques, the UMCNN obtained the highest housing price simulation accuracy (Pearson R = 0.922, OA = 85.82%). The results also demonstrated a complex spatial heterogeneity inside Shenzhen's housing price distribution. In future studies, we will work continuously on housing price policymaking and residential issues by including additional sources of spatial data.     

基于生态足迹的孟连县土地利用结构优化研究

采用生态足迹法对云南孟连县2005—2011年生态足迹进行计算,根据2005—2011年数据运用GM(1,1)灰色预测模型对2020年生态足迹进行预测,得到2020年人均生态赤字将达到2.762 hm2/人,土地利用结构急需调整优化。在此背景下建立以生态赤字最小化和经济效益、社会效益最大化为目标函数的多目标线性规划模型,设置了8个变量和13个约束条件。根据模型求解优化方案,对孟连县2020年土地利用结构进行优化调整,结果表明:相比于优化前,人均生态赤字减少10.87%,经济效益增加0.52亿元,社会效益增加0.001 hm2。优化后的土地利用结构基本上实现了经济、社会、生态效益的统一。     

青藏高原新生代古高度研究：现状与展望

青藏高原新生代古高度研究是地球系统科学研究中的一个热点、难点和重点,它是解决地球深部动力学、地貌地形演化和气候变化等各部分相互关系的一个关键突破口。目前以古生物和氧同位素为代表的各种古高度计被用来重建青藏高原新生代的古高度历史,但是不同的研究方法所得到的结果并不一致,关于青藏高原何时隆升到现在的海拔高度存在晚上新世、晚中新世和始新世等不同认识。因为古高度结果的差异,所以对于青藏高原新生代的构造隆升过程和动力机制也存在大的争议。本文首先详细的阐述了部分古高度计的应用原理及其各自的优缺点,收集总结了78条青藏高原古高度研究的成果,梳理了目前青藏高原新生代古高度研究的历史和现状。然后在此基础上讨论了目前高原古高度研究的特点和存在的问题,即地层年代学、氧同位素和古生物古高度计结果的协调、“以点带面”、区域研究程度差异较大、替代性指标的多解性、古纬度影响、地质时期温度递减率的不确定性、全球气候变化的影响等特点和问题。最后就存在的特点和问题指出在恢复青藏高原新生代古高度时所需要完善和注意的方面,其中最重要的是注重地层年代学的可靠性。     

Deformation patterns of upper Quaternary strata and their relation to active tectonics,Po Basin,Italy

Despite increased application of subsurface datasets below the limits of seismic resolution, reconstructing near‐surface deformation of shallow key stratigraphic markers beneath modern alluvial and coastal plains through sediment core analysis has received little attention. Highly resolved stratigraphy of Upper Pleistocene to Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 5e to Marine Isotope Stage 1) alluvial, deltaic and coastal depositional systems across the southern Po Plain, down to 150 m depth, provides an unambiguous documentation on the deformation of previously flat‐lying strata that goes back in time beyond the limits of morphological, historical and palaeoseismic records. Five prominent key horizons, accurately selected on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics and typified for their fossil content, were used as highly effective stratigraphic markers (M1 to M5) that can be tracked for tens of kilometres across the basin. A facies‐controlled approach tied to a robust chronology (102 radiocarbon dates) reveals considerable deformation of laterally extensive nearshore (M1), continental (M2 and M3) and lagoon (M4 and M5) marker beds originally deposited in a horizontal position (M1, M4 and M5). The areas where antiformal geometries are best observed are remarkably coincident with the axes of buried ramp anticlines, across which new seismic images reveal substantially warped stratal geometries of Lower Pleistocene strata. The striking spatial coincidence of fold crests with the epicentres of historic and instrumental seismicity suggests that deformation of marker beds M1 to M5 might reflect, in part at least, syntectonically generated relief and, thus, active tectonism. Precise identification and lateral tracing of chronologically constrained stratigraphic markers in the ¹⁴C time window through combined sedimentological and palaeoecological data may delineate late Quaternary subsurface stratigraphic architecture at an unprecedented level of detail, outlining cryptic stratal geometries at the sub‐seismic scale. This approach is highly reproducible in tectonically active Quaternary depositional systems and can help to assess patterns of active deformation in the subsurface of modern alluvial and coastal plains worldwide.     

新书简介——《动物世界的先驱——中国第一个候选“金钉子”梅树村剖面实证记录及对比》

正唐烽,陈建书,任留东,高林志,华洪, 等. 著. 2021. 动物世界的先驱——中国第一个候选"金钉子"梅树村剖面实证记录及对比. 昆明: 云南科技出版社:1～498页。20世纪70 年代,云南晋宁梅树村震旦系—寒武系界线层型剖面的发现,彻底改变了据此划分寒武系和寒武系以前地层的标志,它在当时即闻名于全球地学界。它也是中国改革开放以后,第一个参加的国际地层划分对比合作计划(IGCP 项目)、参与国际竞争"金钉子"     

全风化花岗岩地层中高固相离析浆液灌浆机理研究

全风化花岗岩地层稳定性差、遇水易发生崩解,工程上使用常规材料防渗加固注浆时效果较差。针对这一情况,依托湖南省郴州市莽山水库防渗加固灌浆项目,通过自主设计的全风化花岗岩地层注浆室内模拟试验装置,进行模拟注浆试验,实现了浆液在整个注浆过程中的扩散情况模拟,对不同注浆压力、不同位置点所取试样开展单轴抗压、抗剪强度及渗透率测试试验,对不同注浆压力下完整结石体取样观察,研究以全风化花岗岩颗粒为配方主体材料的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层的防渗加固效果及浆液扩散模式。结果表明:该浆液在全风化花岗岩地层扩散过程中经历了渗透扩散、挤密压缩、劈裂扩展三个阶段,是一种复合注浆形式;以全风化花岗岩颗粒为主体的高固相离析浆液在全风化花岗岩地层注浆中效果显著,随着注浆压力提升,单轴抗压强度显著提升为原土体的3.25～13.67倍,抗剪强度在不同法向压力情况下提升为原土体的1.63～2.69倍,渗透系数从10?4 cm/s下降至10?5 cm/s甚至10?6 cm/s。