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361.
362.
Denis Samyn Sean J. Fitzsimons Reginald D. Lorrain 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2010,99(8):1849-1857
Structural analyses were conducted in the basal zone of an Antarctic glacier. The studied basal ice sequence was retrieved
from a 20-m-long subglacial tunnel dug at the margin of the glacier and is at the temperature of −17°C. For the first time,
rotating clast systems embedded within debris-rich ice were thin-sectioned using specially designed cutting techniques. The
observed structures reflect the occurrence of pervasive shearing at the base of the glacier, and can be used as shear sense
indicators. In addition, some of these structures provide evidence for the presence of thin liquid films at the time of formation
despite the marked freezing temperature of the ice. It is showed here that cautious analysis of deformation structures present
in debris-bearing ice may bring insights not only into the flow dynamics of the embedding matrix, but also into the behaviour
of the interstitial fluid network at the base of cold glaciers and ice sheets. 相似文献
363.
Rochelle Plutchak Kelly Major Just Cebrian C. Drew Foster Mary-Elizabeth C. Miller Andrea Anton Kate L. Sheehan Kenneth L. HeckJr. Sean P. Powers 《Estuaries and Coasts》2010,33(6):1355-1364
The ability of oysters to remove large quantities of particulates from the water column, thereby potentially improving water
quality, has been cited as one of the reasons for oyster reef restoration. However, this ability has not yet been effectively
demonstrated in the field. As part of the Alabama Oyster Reef Restoration Project, this study was designed to assess impacts
of restored eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs on primary production, nutrient dynamics, and water quality in shallow tidal creeks. Using a Before–After-Control–Impact
(BACI) design, we monitored tidal creeks around Dauphin Island, AL, for changes induced by the introduction of oyster reefs.
Reef placement resulted in increased ammonium (NH4+) in two of the three experimental creeks. Interestingly, oyster reefs did not seem to reduce water column particulates or
have an impact on phytoplankton or microphytobenthic biomass or productivity. We do not believe that our data discount the
importance and/or usefulness of oysters in modifying the water column. Rather, we acknowledge that it is difficult to detect
these impacts/environmental services in this type of system (i.e., a tidal creek system), because they seem to be very localized
and short-lived (i.e., not ecologically relevant on a creek-wide scale). This study highlights the need to consider location
and habitat in planning oyster restoration projects. Also, it demonstrates that the types, magnitudes, and spatial extent
of changes in ecosystem services that should be expected after reef restoration might need to be re-evaluated. 相似文献
364.
Evidence for high temperature and 18O‐enriched fluids in the Arab‐D of the Ghawar Field,Saudi Arabia
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Peter K. Swart Dave L. Cantrell Monica M. Arienzo Sean T. Murray 《Sedimentology》2016,63(6):1739-1752
Using the clumped isotope method, the temperature of dolomite and calcite formation and the oxygen isotopic composition (δ18Ow) of the diagenetic fluids have been determined in a core taken from the Arab‐D of the Ghawar field, the largest oil reservoir in the world. These analyses show that while the dolomites and limestones throughout the major zones of the reservoir recrystallized at temperatures between ca 80°C and 100°C, the carbonates near the top of the reservoir formed at significantly lower temperatures (20 to 30°C). Although the δ18O values of the diagenetic fluids show large variations ranging from ca <0‰ to ca +8‰, the variations exhibit consistent downhole changes, with the highest values being associated with the portion of the reservoir with the highest permeability and porosity. Within the limestones, dolomites and dolomites associated with the zone of high permeability, there are statistically significant different trends between the δ18Ow values and recrystallization temperature. These relationships have different intercepts suggesting that fluids with varying δ18Ow values were involved in the formation of dolomite and limestone compared to the formation of dolomite associated with the zone of high permeability. These new data obtained using the clumped isotope technique show how dolomitization and recrystallization by deep‐seated brines with elevated δ18Ow values influence the δ18O values of carbonates, possibly leading to erroneous interpretations unless temperatures can be adequately constrained. 相似文献
365.
Sean Ulm 《Geoarchaeology》2002,17(4):319-348
As a component of archaeological investigations on the central Queensland coast, a series of five marine shell specimens live‐collected between A.D. 1904 and A.D. 1929 and 11 shell/charcoal paired samples from archaeological contexts were radiocarbon dated to determine local ΔR values. The object of the study was to assess the potential influence of localized variation in marine reservoir effect in accurately determining the age of marine and estuarine shell from archaeological deposits in the area. Results indicate that the routinely applied ΔR value of −5 ± 35 for northeast Australia is erroneously calculated. The determined values suggest a minor revision to Reimer and Reimer's (2000) recommended value for northeast Australia from ΔR = +11 ± 5 to +12 ± 7, and specifically for central Queensland to ΔR = +10 ± 7, for near‐shore open marine environments. In contrast, data obtained from estuarine shell/charcoal pairs demonstrate a general lack of consistency, suggesting estuary‐specific patterns of variation in terrestrial carbon input and exchange with the open ocean. Preliminary data indicate that in some estuaries, at some time periods, a ΔR value of more than −155 ± 55 may be appropriate. In estuarine contexts in central Queensland, a localized estuary‐specific correction factor is recommended to account for geographical and temporal variation in 14C activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献