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101.
102.
Sandro FADDA Alessandro RIVOLDINI Ignazio CAU 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1995,19(1):41-54
The microwave oven acid digestion technique has been routinely applied to the ICP-MS multielement analysis of whole powdered coal. Samples were treated with a mixture of HF/aqua regia/HClO4 in closed Teflon PFA vessels without any pre-treatment. Complete dissolution of the coal matrix is not required, but only one that results in quantitative and reproducible recovery of more than 40 trace elements with minimum digestion time, minimum use of reagents and minimal operator attendance. The precision of the analysis as well as the repeatability of the sample preparation procedure and precision of instrumental measurements have been evaluated. Eight coal standards, including NBS SRM 1632b, 3 South Africa Reference Materials (SARMs) 18 to 20 and 4 USA ARs 1800 to 1803 were analysed in this manner providing data for all the 14 rare earth elements along with others of geochemical interest, technological relevance as well as environmental and health concern. The results, from the ppb level to several ppm, are discussed for all the elements including detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy. In general, good agreement was achieved with the certified and/or available published values. 相似文献
103.
Avanzinelli Riccardo; Elliott Tim; Tommasini Simone; Conticelli Sandro 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(2):195-223
We present new U-series isotope, 87Sr/ 86Sr, 143Nd/ 144Nd andtrace element data for a set of mafic, K-rich rocks from volcanoesin Central–Southern Italy. These shoshonitic to ultrapotassiclavas display strongly depleted high field strength element(HSFE) abundances with respect to other incompatible trace elementstogether with high but variable 87Sr/ 86Sr and low but variable143Nd/ 144Nd values. Such characteristics are thought to bedue to addition of subducted crust of variable amount and compositionto their mantle sources prior to magma genesis. Rocks from thenorthernmost region (i.e. Tuscan Magmatic Province and NorthernRoman Magmatic Province) display (230Th/ 238U) activity ratiosclose to radioactive equilibrium, suggesting that metasomatismof their sources occurred before 400 ka and recent melting tookplace at shallow depths, in the absence of garnet. A 238U excessof up to 27% has been measured in rocks from the NeapolitanDistrict. The occurrence of significant U excesses is a featureof arc magmas, but is typically seen in depleted lavas ratherthan in highly enriched rocks such as these (20 ppm Th). Thissignature requires a recent addition of a U-rich component tothe already strongly enriched mantle wedge beneath this regionof Italy. We suggest that a supercritical liquid, from deeplysubducted carbonate-rich sediments of the still-active Ionianslab, is responsible for generating a high-U, low-Th component,which produces the observed disequilibria. A 30% 230Th excessmeasured in a single unaltered sample from the Lucanian MagmaticProvince, along with a less marked negative HFSE anomaly, suggeststhe contribution of a deeper, garnet-bearing component in thegenesis of these magmas, plausibly related to the upwellingof asthenospheric mantle around the corner of the Ionian slab. KEY WORDS: U/Th disequilibria; potassic and ultrapotassic rocks; subduction: metasomatism; mantle melting; Central and Southern Italy 相似文献
104.
Atomic-scale mechanisms of plastic deformation in orthoenstatite, MgSiO3 are studied by computer simulation methods. The combined use of metadynamics and molecular dynamics allows a direct observation
of the structural changes during the creation of stacking faults in the (100) plane. A sequence of slip deformations in two
different (100) planes at P = 15 GPa and T = 1,000 K reveals a probable transformation mechanism for the ortho- to high-pressure clinopyroxene transition. Each of the
observed slips consists of at least four partial deformations crossing high-energy intermediate structures. In agreement with
experimental studies, both (100)[010] and (100)[001] slip systems are activated in the deformation process. The observation
of a dominant (100)[001] single slip system in pyroxenes may be related to the fact that high-energy intermediate dislocations
with (100)[010] component are not stable on geological or experimental timescales. 相似文献
105.
Sandro Da Silva Fernandes 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1995,62(4):305-321
Some classic expansions of the elliptic motion — cosmE and sinmE — in powers of the eccentricity are extended to highly eccentric orbits, 0.6627...<e<1. The new expansions are developed in powers of (e–e*), wheree* is a fixed value of the eccentricity. The coefficients are given in terms of the derivatives of Bessel functions with respect to the eccentricity. The expansions have the same radius of convergence (e*) of the extended solution of Kepler's equation, previously derived by the author. Some other simple expansions — (a/r), (r/a), (r/a) sinv, ..., — derived straightforward from the expansions ofE, cosE and sinE are also presented. 相似文献
106.
Elena Boari Riccardo Avanzinelli Leone Melluso Guido Giordano Massimo Mattei Arnaldo A. De Benedetti Vincenzo Morra Sandro Conticelli 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2009,71(9):977-1005
The “Colli Albani” composite volcano is made up of strongly silica-undersaturated leucite-bearing rocks. Magmas were erupted during three main periods, but a complex plumbing system dominated by regional tectonics channelled magmas into different reservoirs. The most alkali-rich magmas, restricted to the caldera-forming period (pre-caldera), are extremely enriched in incompatible trace elements and display more radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr?=?0.71057–0.71067), with slightly less radiogenic Pb with respect to those of the post-caldera period. Post-caldera volcanic activity was concentrated in three different volcanic environments: external to the caldera, along the caldera edge and within the caldera. The post-caldera magmas produced melilite- to leucitite-bearing, plagioclase-free leucitites. In contrast to the pre-caldera lavas, they are characterised by lower incompatible trace element abundances and less radiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr?=?0.71006–0.71039). Magmas evolved through crystal fractionation plus minor crustal assimilation in a large magma chamber during the pre-caldera period. The multiple caldera collapses dissected and partially obliterated the early magma chamber. During the post-caldera stage, magmas were channelled through several pathways and multiple shallow-level magma reservoirs were established. A lithospheric mantle wedge previously depleted in the basaltic component and subsequently enriched by metasomatic slab-derived component is suggested as the mantle source of Colli Albani parental magmas. Two different parental magmas are recognised for the pre- and post-caldera stages. The differences may be related to the interplay between smaller degrees of melting for the pre-caldera magmas and more carbonate-rich recycled subducted lithologies in the post-caldera magmas. 相似文献
107.
Occurrence of selected estrogens in mangrove sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Froehner S Machado KS Stefan E Bleninger T da Rosa EC Martins Cde C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(1):75-79
This paper presents results related to the occurrence and distribution of estrogens along the Brazilian coast. Three mangrove areas were chosen to evaluate the presence of estrogens in surface sediments of mangrove forests. The presence of estrogens was observed in all studied sites. 17-α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen, was the most common and has been found in higher concentration (0.45-129.78 ng/g) compared to 17-β-estradiol (E1) and estrone (E2) (both being natural estrogens). The concentrations of E1 and E2 ranged from 0.02 to 49.27 ng/g and 0.03 to 39.77 ng/g, respectively. Theoretically, under anaerobic conditions EE2 can be reduced to E1 even in environments such as sediments of mangrove forests, which are essentially anaerobic. Even if the concentrations of estrogens seem to be insignificant in some samples, the effects remain uncertain. 相似文献
108.
This paper presents a static equivalent approach to estimate the maximum kinematic interaction effects on piles subjected to lateral seismic excitation. Closed-form expressions are reported for the evaluation of the maximum free-field soil movements and for the computation of maximum pile shear force and bending moments. Firstly, modal analysis, combined with a suitable damped response spectrum, is used to evaluate the maximum free-field response. Secondly, the pile is schematised as a Winkler's beam subjected to equivalent static forces defined according to soil vibration modal shapes and amplitude. The method may be applied by using response spectra suggested by National Standards or those obtained with accelerograms. The procedure proposed may be conveniently implemented in simple spreadsheets or in commercial finite element programs and easily used by practicing engineers. Method accuracy is demonstrated by comparing the results with those obtained with a more rigorous model. Good results may be achieved by considering only the first soil vibration mode making the procedure straightforward for practical design purposes. 相似文献
109.
Andrea Tiengo Paolo Esposito Sandro Mereghetti Lara Sidoli Diego Götz Marco Feroci Roberto Turolla Silvia Zane Gian Luca Israel Luigi Stella Peter Woods 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):33-37
We present a systematic analysis of all the BeppoSAX data of SGR1900+14. The observations spanning five years show that the source was brighter than usual on two occasions: ~20 days after the August 1998 giant flare and during the 105?s long X-ray afterglow following the April 2001 intermediate flare. In the latter case, we explore the possibility of describing the observed short term spectral evolution only with a change of the temperature of the blackbody component. In the only BeppoSAX observation performed before the giant flare, the spectrum of the SGR1900+14 persistent emission was significantly harder and detected also above 10 keV with the PDS instrument. In the last BeppoSAX observation (April 2002) the flux was at least a factor 1.2 below the historical level, suggesting that the source was entering a quiescent period. 相似文献
110.
Abstract A two-dimensional Boussinesq ocean model has been used to investigate the effect of intermediate-level thermal and saline anomalies on the known multiple equilibria structure of the thermohaline circulation. These anomalies are taken as a crude representation of the Mediterranean outflow in the Atlantic Ocean. The associated perturbation drives the system towards an overturning which resembles the present average Atlantic thermohaline circulation. The sensitivity to the depth at which the anomaly is placed is also investigated. We found that near-surface anomalies are more efficient in affecting the structure of the equilibria. 相似文献