大别山榴辉岩的氦、氩同位素组成及其岩石成因

论述了石榴石和绿辉石的氦、氩同位素地球化学特征,并讨论了大别山榴辉岩的成因。测得3 He/4He 值为(1-19 ～4-63) ×10 - 7 ,40Ar/36Ar 值为1209 ～4416 ,4 He/40Ar 值分布在0-07 ～1-39 范围内,3 He/36 Ar 值的变化范围为(0-59 ～2-85) ×10 - 4 。大别山榴辉岩中保留了原始的稀有气体同位素, 但是退变质作用使氦同位素优先丢失。氦、氩同位素地球化学资料表明,榴辉岩可能形成于亏损的地幔或者是一种亏损型“地幔岩”中     

自动连续称重式集沙仪设计及野外应用

集沙仪是定量监测风沙活动的重要工具。设计了一种自动连续称重式集沙仪,可以根据试验需要采集不同高度沙样,每分钟收集一次质量数据,实现高频连续集沙。试验结果显示,自动连续称重式集沙仪在15、30、60 cm高度的集沙量满足随高度增加呈指数减少的规律;在15 cm高度,风速与输沙通量呈指数函数关系(y=6E-05·e0.8417x,R2=0.6042),随集沙高度升高输沙通量与风速相关性减弱。自动连续称重式集沙仪与新型平口式集沙仪所测的输沙通量具有很好的一致性(y=0.8119x+0.2645,R2=0.7481)。自动连续称重式集沙仪虽然在稳固性方面需要改良,但能够很好地捕捉高度在15 cm以下沙物质的输移信息,野外应用效果良好,是一种适合野外高精度风沙活动自动监测的新型测量工具。     

干涉雷达在获取地震同震位移场中的应用

给出了干涉雷达位相构成的表达式,其次对干涉雷达的数据处理方法进行了比较分析并且对一些数据处理应注意的问题进行了阐述;最后以1997年11月8日西藏玛尼发生的7. 5级地震前后的ERS-1/2干涉雷达数据为基础,介绍了干涉雷达在获取西藏玛尼地震同震位移场中的应用。     

Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973–2007

The particulate matter pollution has been serious in Chinese megacities due to the rapidly expanding economic and industrial developments, which has significant influences in atmospheric visibility. Visibility is a highly relevant factor indicating the level of atmospheric quality, and is inversely related to the optical extinction coefficient caused by gas and particle phases. In our study, visibility trends for six major megacities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) in China were evaluated during 1973–2007 on the basis of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) database using four measurement methods: the days per year of daily visibility < 10 km, the days per year of daily visibility > 19 km, the annual mean visibility, and the dry extinction coefficient. The annual and seasonal change trends of visibility for each city were analyzed by using a linear regression model. The annual mean visibilities for the six cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) were 10.67, 8.60, 10.76, 8.59, 8.16, and 9.74 km respectively. Shenyang has experienced a significant increasing trend during the entire time series while visibilities for other five sites showed decreasing trends especially since the middle of 1990s. In the southern and midwestern regions (Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Xi'an), visibility was best in summer, whereas in the northern regions (Beijing and Shenyang), visibility was best in spring. Mean visibility in spring was worst at Guangzhou, while for the other five cities visibility in winter was worst, probably because of coal burning during the heating period. The general degradation of visibility in these megacities was probably due to the excess aerosol loading. Consequently, an urgent targeted reduction of aerosol pollution may be needed for the sake of better air quality in Chinese megacities.     

Bayesian and multivariate methods applied to favorability quantification in Recôncavo Basin and Ribeira Belt, Brazil

A methology to define favorable areas in petroleum and mineral exploration is applied, which consists in weighting the exploratory variables, in order to characterize their importance as exploration guides. The exploration data are spatially integrated in the selected area to establish the association between variables and deposits, and the relationships among distribution, topology, and indicator pattern of all variables. Two methods of statistical analysis were compared. The first one is the Weights of Evidence Modeling, a conditional probability approach (Agterberg, 1989a), and the second one is the Principal Components Analysis (Pan, 1993). In the conditional method, the favorability estimation is based on the probability of deposit and variable joint occurrence, with the weights being defined as natural logarithms of likelihood ratios. In the multivariate analysis, the cells which contain deposits are selected as control cells and the weights are determined by eigendecomposition, being represented by the coefficients of the eigenvector related to the system’s largest eigenvalue. The two techniques of weighting and complementary procedures were tested on two case studies: 1. Recôncavo Basin, Northeast Brazil (for Petroleum) and 2. Itaiacoca Formation of Ribeira Belt, Southeast Brazil (for Pb-Zn Mississippi Valley Type deposits). The applied methdology proved to be easy to use and of great assistance to predict the favorability in large areas, particularly in the initial phase of exploration programs.     

海水营养盐现场自动分析技术

介绍了目前国内外对海水营养盐浓度测量仪器的研究现状，论述了吸光光度法测量营养盐浓度的基本原理，以及硅酸盐和氨氮现场测量分析工艺流程。     

Benthic microbial biogeography along the continental shelf shaped by substrates from the Changjiang River plume

Coastal zones are active reactors of continental material including that transported by rivers via a series of microbiota-mediated reactions. Nevertheless, current knowledge of the ecology and functioning of the microbiota in coastal areas affected by large riverine inputs remains insufficient on a global scale. Here, an investigation on sediment microbial composition, including taxonomy and metabolic network, as well as their relationship with major benthic reaction substrates, namely carbon, n...