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291.
1 IntroductionEnvironmental decision support systems could be divided into two categories by their organizational form and system functions. One is regional environmental analytical system based on commercial GIS and assisted by environmental models, such as BASINS developed by the American NEPA using ARC/VIEW as its user platform and including QUAL2E and NPSM as its prediction tools. The other is environmental information and prediction system based on mathematical models, such as… 相似文献
292.
Chuan-Chou Shen David W. Hastings Typhoon Lee Chin-Hsin Chiu Meng-Yang Lee Kuo-Yen Wei R. Lawrence Edwards 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):197-209
Glacial–interglacial variation in the marine Sr/Ca ratio has important implications for coral Sr thermometry [J.W. Beck et al., Science 257 (1992) 644–647]. A possible variation of 1–3% was proposed based on ocean models [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118]. Subsequently, studies have used fossil foraminifera to test this prediction [P.A. Martin et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (1999); H.M. Stoll et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 63 (1999) 3535–3547; H. Elderfield et al., Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 1 (2000)]. But whether some component of foraminiferal Sr/Ca variation can be uniquely ascribed to seawater Sr variation is still not clear. To address this question, we developed cleaning and analysis techniques and measured Sr/Ca ratios on individual shells of the modern benthic foraminifer Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. We showed that different size shells have different Sr/Ca ratios; however, samples with shell sizes of 355–500 μm appear to have normally distributed Sr/Ca ratios (1σ=1.8%). For multi-shell measurements (with estimated errors of 0.12–0.39%), the ratio varied by as much as 7.2±0.5% during the last glaciation for two Caribbean records at the same site and by 3.7±0.5% over the past 40,000 yr for one record from the Sierra Leone Rise in the eastern equatorial Atlantic. The two Caribbean records are very similar indicating that the behavior of shell Sr uptake was identical locally and that the shell Sr/Ca ratio faithfully reflects the local environment. The Atlantic record differs from the Caribbean records by as much as several percent. Thus, the foraminiferal Sr/Ca changes cannot be solely due to changes in seawater Sr/Ca unless the glacial deep ocean had spatial variation in Sr/Ca well in excess of the modern ocean. Certain similarities between the three records do exist. Notably, the rate of change of Sr/Ca is similar between 9 and 0 ka (−0.25%/kyr) and between 25 and 16 ka (+0.16%/kyr). This suggests that during these intervals, benthic foraminiferal Sr/Ca was affected by similar large-scale variables. One of these variables may be the average marine Sr/Ca ratio; however, comparison with model predictions [H.M. Stoll and D.P. Schrag, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (1998) 1107–1118] suggests other factors must also be considered. The discrepancies between the two sites may be related to the different water mass histories for the Caribbean and eastern Atlantic. Our results suggest that variation of the seawater Sr budget only partially contributed to C. wuellerstorfi Sr/Ca records, while other significant factors still need to be quantified. At present we cannot confidently determine past seawater Sr/Ca variation from our foraminiferal records. 相似文献
293.
通过对兰家火山露天矿边坡岩体中结构面的研究分析,论述了不同类型的结构面对边坡稳定性的影响程度,强调生产矿山开展岩体结构面分析研究的重要意义。 相似文献
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Pull-apart Basins and the Total Lateral Displacement Along the Haiyuan Fault Zone in Cenozoic 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
INTRODUCTIONItisdebatedaboutthetotallateraldisplacementalongthemainboundaryfaultsofintraplateblocksineasternAsiacontinentinCenozoicera .Inthe 1 970sof2 0thcentury ,somescientistshades timatedlateraldisplacementbasedongeomorphicdata .Theyproposedthatthetotald… 相似文献
299.
有限区域卫星云图资料变分分析的试验研究 总被引:25,自引:6,他引:25
资料分析在数值预报中的重要性受到越来越多的关注,星目前常规探测网的时空局限性,利用分辨率较高的非常规资料势在必行。该文利用一个有限区域中尺度模式MM4,采用变分分析技术对有限区域的常规探空资料和非常规云图资料进行变分分析和数值模拟。 相似文献
300.
信息增益在地震趋势估计中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从熵中信息增益的定义出发,将地震中的能量和频度作为一个整体考虑,研究了全球1900-1992斫M≥6.0地震的信息增益。结果表明,强震前有信息增益减小的特点。信息增益方法的引入,为利用中小地震进入地震跟踪预报提供了一个新途径。 相似文献