The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills and geological implication in their formation

The source rock from which the sillimanite gneisses derive mainly was the biotite plagioclase gneiss in the Larsemann Hills. It is the deformation-metamorphism process under special pressure and temperature condition, not the original rock compositions, that controls the presence of sillimanite. To a great degree, the sillimanite gneiss was the mixture of the detaining materials of the migrating felsic melt from the bt-plagioclase gneiss that underwent partial melting and the relics when the melt was removed. In sillimanitization the original rock had been changed substantially in chemical composition. The related metamorphism process severely deviated from the isochemical series, the process was of, therefore, an open system. In addition, the Al2O3 contents of the original rock was an important, but not critical factor for the formation of sillimanite, i.e., the sillimanite-bearing rock need not be of aluminum rich in composition, and vise contrarily, the aluminum rock may not produce sillimanite. The authors of the present paper postulate that the source rock from which the aluminum rich rock derives need not be of aluminum rich, but sillimanitization is generally the Al2O3 increasing process. The aluminum rich sediments such as clay or shale need not correspond directly to sillimanite-rich gneisses. No argillaceous rock present equals to sillimanite-rich gneiss in chemical composition. The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, and their adjacent area may be pelite, shale greywacke, sub-greywacke, quartz sandstone and quartz-tourmalinite. If correct, the conclusion will be of significant implication for the determination of the sillimanite gneiss formation process and the reconstruction of the protolith setting.     

利用双阳台水管观测资料检测地球自由振荡

基于双阳台水管倾斜仪的数字化观测资料,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,准确获得了2004年12月26日苏门答腊大地震激发的0S3～0S31基频球型自由振荡。并与PREM模型的理论自由振荡周期进行了对比,发现实测振荡周期与PREM预测的振荡周期相吻合,除0S3、0S4振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大于0.3%外,其他振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大都集中在0.1%左右。同时还检测到了5个谐频球型振荡和8个环型振荡。     

��Oracle XML DB��XML�洢�������о�

XML???W3C????????????????????????????Web????????????????????????????Web Service?????????XML???????????????????????洢????XML????????????????????????????????????????Ч??XML?????????????????????????????????Oracle ????????Oracle XML DB???????о???XML DB??3??XML?洢???????洢??????????Ч?????????3??洢?????????????????洢XML???ο???     

���տ������山��Ե��Ҫ�����ֽ��Է���

????GPS??????????????山???????α????????????????????????????о??????????????о?????????????????????????????????????????С??????????????о???????????????????????????????-???????????????-?????????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????????-??????????-?????????????????????????????????     

Alternative Fuzzy Cluster segmentation of remote sensing images based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Remote sensing image segmentation is the basis of image understanding and analysis. However, the precision and the speed of segmentation can not meet the need of image analysis, due to strong uncertainty and rich texture details of remote sensing images. We proposed a new segmentation method based on Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) and Alternative Fuzzy C-Means (AFCM). Segmentation thresholds were identified by AGA. Then the image was segmented by AFCM. The results indicate that the precision and the speed of segmentation have been greatly increased, and the accuracy of threshold selection is much higher compared with traditional Otsu and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) segmentation methods. The segmentation results also show that multi-thresholds segmentation has been achieved by combining AGA with AFCM.     

使用支持向量机识别地震类型的影响因素分析

对山东地区2006~2017年3种地震事件--天然地震、爆破及塌陷的波形记录进行小波变换,对提取出的香农熵特征采用支持向量机LIBSVM方法进行分类识别,并设计一系列实验研究影响最终分类效果的因素。结果表明,5种影响因素--信号窗长度、小波分解方式、小波基类型、向量机算法类型、向量机核函数类型均对地震类型的分类识别结果产生一定的影响;识别率最高的3组处理方式均采用了2 000 s信号窗长度+db7小波基+υ-SVC算法的组合方式。所得的识别率较高的几种影响因素组合,在未来可应用于地震类型的实时识别,进一步提高地震类型的识别率和触发准确率。     

Errors and correction of precipitation measurements in China

In order to discover the range of various errors in Chinese precipitation measurements and seek a correction method, 30 precipitation evaluation stations were set up countrywide before 1993. All the stations are reference stations in China. To seek a correction method for wind-induced error, a precipitation correction instrument called the ＂horizontal precipitation gauge＂ was devised beforehand. Field intercomparison observations regarding 29,000 precipitation events have been conducted using one pit gauge, two elevated operational gauges and one horizontal gauge at the above 30 stations. The range of precipitation measurement errors in China is obtained by analysis of intercomparison measurement results. The distribution of random errors and systematic errors in precipitation measurements are studied in this paper. A correction method, especially for wind-induced errors, is developed. The results prove that a correlation of power function exists between the precipitation amount caught by the horizontal gauge and the absolute difference of observations implemented by the operational gauge and pit gauge. The correlation coefficient is 0.99. For operational observations, precipitation correction can be carried out only by parallel observation with a horizontal precipitation gauge. The precipitation accuracy after correction approaches that of the pit gauge. The correction method developed is simple and feasible.     

中国地震台网震级的对比

采用线性回归和正交回归方法,利用中国地震台网1983-2004年的观测资料,对中国地震局地球物理研究所测定的地方性震级ML、面波震级MS与MS7、长周期体波震级mB、短周期体波震级mb进行对比,给出了它们之间的经验关系式.研究结果表明:①由于不同的震级标度反映了地震波在不同周期范围内辐射地震波能量的大小,因此对于不同大小的地震,使用不同的震级标度更能客观地描述地震的大小.当震中距小于1 000 km时,用地方性震级ML可以较好地测定近震的震级.当地震的震级M＜4.5时,各种震级标度之间相差不大.当4.5＜M＜6.0时,mB＞MS,MS标度低估了较小地震的震级,因此用mB可以较好地测定较小地震的震级.当M＞6.0时,MS＞mB＞mb,mB与mb标度均低估了较大地震的震级,用MS可以较好地测定出较大地震(6.0＜M＜8.5)的震级.当M＞8.5时,MS出现饱和现象,不能正确地反映大地震的大小;②在我国境内,当震中距＜1 000 km时,ML与区域面波震级MS基本一致,在实际应用中无需对它们进行震级的换算;③虽然MS与MS7同为面波震级,但由于所使用的仪器和计算公式不同,MS比MS7系统地偏高0.2～0.3级;④对于长周期体波震级mB和短周期体波震级mb,虽然使用的计算公式相同,但由于使用的地震波周期不同,对于mB=4.0左右的地震,mB与mb几乎相等,而对于mB≥4.5的地震,则mB＞mb.     

差分GPS方法在城市活断层探测中的应用探讨

使用差分GPS方法, 测量西宁盆地内部各级阶地参数, 对比野外阶地特征, 探讨区域新构造时期活动特征, 以及西宁城市周缘活断层的分布及活动特征。 通过这一区域的实践, 认为DGPS方法能够快速、 精确的获得区域内阶地面的坐标和高程, 是确定弱活动或隐伏断裂的可行方法。 南川河断裂错断T₃、 T₄、 T₅阶地, 断裂的活动时间为T₃阶地形成后, T₂级阶地形成前的0.10 Ma B.P.至0.05 Ma B.P.。 垂直断距15～20 m, 最小垂直活动速率约为0.30 mm/a。     

水分和养分供应对凹凸棒石复配苔藓结皮生长的影响

为了评价生物固沙材料在不同水分和养分供应条件下的应用效果,对沙漠苔藓结皮和含凹凸棒石固沙材料的叶绿素和生长进行了研究。结果表明：人工培养苔藓结皮与固沙材料的最佳配比为1∶1,由接种在沙面上的生物固沙材料的叶绿素a含量、强度和厚度决定。凹凸棒石显著提高了接种生物固沙材料的强度、叶绿素a含量和厚度。3种养分供应方式和3种模拟干旱区的间歇供水方式均能显著提高人工生物型结皮的厚度和强度。50%的养分处理是最佳的养分供应方式。接种生物固沙材料在隔天供水条件下具有较高的厚度和强度。较短的供水和养分供应间歇有利于沙漠生物结皮的生存和繁殖。