Velocities and Temperatures of an Ellerman Bomb and Its Associated Features

We investigated the velocity and temperature characteristics of an Ellerman bomb (EB) and its associated features based on observations made with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) and a broadband TiO filter of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory. In the TiO images of the photospheric level, we found a granular cell expanding in two opposite directions near the site of the EB. When one end of this granule reached the EB site, the transverse speed of the tip of the expanding granule rapidly decreased and the EB brightened. The wings of the Hα profile of the EB indicated that the EB was blueshifted up to 7 km?s^?1. About 260 s after the EB brightening, a surge was seen in absorption and varied from a blueshift of 20 km?s^?1 to a redshift of 40 km?s^?1 seen in the Hα and Ca ii 8542 Å lines. From the Doppler absorption width of the two lines determined by applying the cloud model, we estimated the mean temperature of the surge material to be about 29000 K and the mean speed of nonthermal motion to be about 11 km?s^?1. We discuss the physical implications of our results in terms of magnetic reconnection and processes related to it.     

Hall effects on heat and mass transfer flow with variable suction and heat generation

A study of the combined buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion on MHD convection flow in the presence of Hall currents with variable suction and heat generation has been carried out. Analytical expressions for the velocity and the temperature of the fluid are given. The effects of Hall currents, parameterm, and heat source parameter on the velocity are discussed.     

Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometry of helium stars

Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometric analysis of helium stars are presented. A linear relation exists between the effective temperature derived from model atmospheres and (1965-V)₀ index. The effective temperatures derived from (1965-V)₀ index are somewhat higher than that of MK spectral type estimates especially for late B-type helium objects.     

On the relativistic formulation of matter

A critical analysis of the relativistic formulation of matter reveals some surprising inconsistencies and paradoxes. Corrections are discovered which lead to the long-sought-after equality of the gravitational and inertial masses, which are otherwise different in general relativity.     

Mars interplanetary trajectory design via Lagrangian points

With the increase in complexities of interplanetary missions, the main focus has shifted to reducing the total delta-V for the entire mission and hence increasing the payload capacity of the spacecraft. This paper develops a trajectory to Mars using the Lagrangian points of the Sun-Earth system and the Sun-Mars system. The whole trajectory can be broadly divided into three stages: (1) Trajectory from a near-Earth circular parking orbit to a halo orbit around Sun-Earth Lagrangian point L₂. (2) Trajectory from Sun-Earth L₂ halo orbit to Sun-Mars L₁ halo orbit. (3) Sun-Mars L₁ halo orbit to a circular orbit around Mars. The stable and unstable manifolds of the halo orbits are used for halo orbit insertion. The intermediate transfer arcs are designed using two-body Lambert’s problem. The total delta-V for the whole trajectory is computed and found to be lesser than that for the conventional trajectories. For a 480 km Earth parking orbit, the total delta-V is found to be 4.6203 km/s. Another advantage in the present approach is that delta-V does not depend upon the synodic period of Earth with respect to Mars.     

Heat and mass transfer of a viscous heat generating fluid with Hall currents

A study of natural convection in hydrodynamic flows of a viscous heat generating fluid in the presence of Hall currents and variable suction has been carried out. The governing equations for the magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow and heat transfer are solved. The effects of Hall currentm and heat source parameter on the velocity and temperature distributions are discussed.     

Cosmological models in certain scalar-tensor theories

Exact solutions of Einstein field equations are obtained in the scalar-tensor theories developed by Saez and Ballester (1985) and Lau and Prokhovnik (1986) when the line-element has the form $$ds^2 = \exp \left( {2h} \right)dt^2 - \exp \left( {2A} \right)\left( {dx^2 + dy^2 } \right) - \exp \left( {2B} \right)dz^2 $$ whereh, A andB are functions oft only. The solutions are spatially homogeneous, locally rotationally symmetric and admit a Bianchi I group of motions on hypersurfacest = constant. The dynamical behaviours of these models have also been discussed.     

Solar radio pulsating structures during September 9, 2001 at meter wavelength

Pulsating structures recorded at 237 MHz that are associated to decimetric continuum enhancement during the September 9, 2001 solar radio burst are described. We analyzed the radiopolarimetric data recorded at the Trieste Solar Radio System (INAF—Trieste Astronomical Observatory—Basovizza Observing Station) with very high time resolution (1 ms) at metric frequencies. Two different types of pulsations that occur in about 4 minutes at the same frequency are described. The possible mechanisms are analyzed and some parameters of the associated magnetic structure are estimated.     

Hα intensity oscillations in large flares

We reinvestigate the problem of Hα intensity oscillations in large flares, particularly those classified as X-class flares. We have used high spatial and temporal resolution digital observations obtained from Udaipur Solar Observatory during the period 1998–2006 and selected several events. Normalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram method for spectral analysis was used to study the oscillatory power in quiet and active chromospheric locations, including the flare ribbons.