全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1167篇 |
免费 | 23篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 86篇 |
大气科学 | 78篇 |
地球物理 | 261篇 |
地质学 | 432篇 |
海洋学 | 53篇 |
天文学 | 235篇 |
综合类 | 25篇 |
自然地理 | 36篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 15篇 |
2019年 | 19篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 68篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 45篇 |
2014年 | 72篇 |
2013年 | 108篇 |
2012年 | 47篇 |
2011年 | 47篇 |
2010年 | 39篇 |
2009年 | 58篇 |
2008年 | 49篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 33篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 23篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1206条查询结果,搜索用时 375 毫秒
101.
Age-dependent Large-scale Fabric of the Mantle Lithosphere as Derived from Surface-wave Velocity Anisotropy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
V. Babuška J.-P. Montagner J. Plomerová N. Girardin 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1998,151(2-4):257-280
—Systematic variations of the seismic radial anisotropy ξ to depths of 200–250 km in North America and Eurasia and their surroundings are related to the age of continental provinces, and typical depth dependences of ξ R are determined. The relative radial anisotropy ξ R in the mantle lithosphere of Phanerozoic orogenic belts is characterized by ν SH > ν SV , with its maximum depth of about 70 km, on the average, while beneath old shields and platforms, it exhibits a maximum deviation from ACY400 model (Montagner and Anderson, 1989) at depths of about 100 km with ν SV ≥ν SH signature. An interpretation of the observed seismic anisotropy by the preferred orientation of olivine crystals results in a model of the mantle lithosphere characterized by anisotropic structures plunging steeply beneath old shields and platforms, compared to less inclined anisotropies beneath Phanerozoic regions. This observation supports the idea derived from petrological and geochemical observations that a mode of continental lithosphere generation may have changed throughout earth's history. 相似文献
102.
Ram S. Sharma 《Precambrian Research》1977,4(2):133-162
Large-scale structures, textures and mineral assemblages in the Precambrian rocks of the Banded Gneissic Complex and the overlying Delhi Group in north-central Aravalli Mountain reveal a complex deformational-crystallization history. In the basement Gneissic Complex at least three deformational events, D0, D1 and D2, and two separate episodes of metamorphism, M1 and M2, are recognized. The supracrustal Delhi Rocks display only two phases of deformation, D1 and D2, associated with a single protracted period of metamorphism, M2.The first phase of deformation (D1) of the Delhi orogeny (1650-900 m.y.) produced large isoclinal folds that are overturned towards the southeast and have gentle plunges in NE and SW directions. The second phase of deformation (D2) gave rise to tight open folds on the limbs and axial-plane surfaces of the D1 folds. These folds generally plunge towards the N and NNW at 30°–80°. In the Basement Complex one more deformation (D0) of the Pre-Delhi orogeny (> 2000 m.y.) is recorded by the presence of reclined and recumbent folds with W to WNW trending fold axes. The D0 folds were superimposed by D1 and D2 folds during the Delhi orogeny.The three deformational events have been correlated with the crystallization periods of minerals in the rocks and a setting in time is established for this part of the Aravalli range. 相似文献
103.
D. S. Suresh Babu V. Nandakumar B. John B. K. Jayaprasad S. V. Pramod 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):390-397
Impact of catchment erosion and the resultant reservoir siltation from a tropical environment is reported here to discuss
the effect of a reservoir in the natural degradation of an evergreen-forested segment. While an area of 8.01 km2 has been affected by direct inundation at the full reservoir level, another 2.6 km2 area once under thick forest cover, had also lost its identity over the last 38 years by indirect degradation. This zone
mainly falls in the confluence of tributaries, namely Neyyar and Mullayar, with the reservoir. The capacity of the reservoir
was found to be reduced by 28.8 Mm3 during this period and the annual average loss is calculated as 0.75 Mm3 (0.71%), indicating the intensity of erosion from the catchment zone. In case the proposed upper dam in the reservoir comes
into existence, an additional area of 2.4 km2 from the virgin forest would be submerged and more area would face degradation around the inundated zone.
Received: 29 July 1998 · Accepted: 16 November 1998 相似文献
104.
Ruchi Mishra 《Planetary and Space Science》2006,54(2):188-199
Dispersion relation, resonant energy transferred, growth rate and marginal instability criteria for the electrostatic ion-cyclotron wave with general loss-cone distribution in low-β anisotropic, homogeneous plasma in the auroral acceleration region are discussed by investigating the trajectories of the charged particles. Effects of the parallel electric field, ion beam velocity, steepness of the loss-cone distribution and temperature anisotropy on resonant energy transferred and growth rate of the instability are discussed. It is found that the effect of the parallel electric field is to stabilize the wave and enhance the transverse acceleration of ions whereas the effect of steepness of loss-cone, ion beam velocity and the temperature anisotropy is to enhance the growth rate and decrease the transverse acceleration of ions. The steepness of the loss-cone also introduces a peak in the growth rate which shifts towards the lower side of the perpendicular wave number with the increasing steepness of the loss-cone. 相似文献
105.
Kamaljit Singh Rajkumar Megha Maheshwari Jayaprasad Pallipad Dhani Ram Rajak Raj Kumar 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):497-509
Radar altimetry provides an important geophysical parameter, backscatter coefficient (σ0), which is useful in studying target surface characteristics. Ku-band (Oceansat-2 scatterometer- OSCAT) and Ka-band (SARAL-AltiKa altimeter) data are concurrently used to characterize polar surface features over the Antarctic region. Maximum-likelihood classification has been employed to classify combined data set (AltiKa and OSCAT) for discrimination among sea ice, open water, and ice sheet (interior and exterior). The sea ice region obtained using the current approach has been compared with sea ice boundary derived from passive microwave data. 相似文献
106.
107.
In recent years, spatial variability modeling of soil parameters using random field theory has gained distinct importance in geotechnical analysis. In the present study, commercially available finite difference numerical code FLAC 5.0 is used for modeling the permeability parameter as spatially correlated log-normally distributed random variable and its influence on the steady state seepage flow and on the slope stability analysis are studied. Considering the case of a 5.0 m high cohesive–frictional soil slope of 30°, a range of coefficients of variation (CoV%) from 60 to 90% in the permeability values, and taking different values of correlation distance in the range of 0.5–15 m, parametric studies, using Monte Carlo simulations, are performed to study the following three aspects, i.e., (i) effect of stochastic soil permeability on the statistics of seepage flow in comparison to the analytic (Dupuit′s) solution available for the uniformly constant permeability property; (ii) strain and deformation pattern, and (iii) stability of the given slope assessed in terms of factor of safety (FS). The results obtained in this study are useful to understand the role of permeability variations in slope stability analysis under different slope conditions and material properties. 相似文献
108.
Bhoopesh Mishra Maxim Boyanov Shelly D. Kelly Jeremy B. Fein 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(15):4219-9603
Bulk Cd adsorption isotherm experiments, thermodynamic equilibrium modeling, and Cd K edge EXAFS were used to constrain the mechanisms of proton and Cd adsorption to bacterial cells of the commonly occurring Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Shewanella oneidensis, respectively. Potentiometric titrations were used to characterize the functional group reactivity of the S. oneidensis cells, and we model the titration data using the same type of non-electrostatic surface complexation approach as was applied to titrations of B. subtilis suspensions by Fein et al. (2005). Similar to the results for B. subtilis, the S. oneidensis cells exhibit buffering behavior from approximately pH 3-9 that requires the presence of four distinct sites, with pKa values of 3.3 ± 0.2, 4.8 ± 0.2, 6.7 ± 0.4, and 9.4 ± 0.5, and site concentrations of 8.9(±2.6) × 10−5, 1.3(±0.2) × 10−4, 5.9(±3.3) × 10−5, and 1.1(±0.6) × 10−4 moles/g bacteria (wet mass), respectively. The bulk Cd isotherm adsorption data for both species, conducted at pH 5.9 as a function of Cd concentration at a fixed biomass concentration, were best modeled by reactions with a Cd:site stoichiometry of 1:1. EXAFS data were collected for both bacterial species as a function of Cd concentration at pH 5.9 and 10 g/L bacteria. The EXAFS results show that the same types of binding sites are responsible for Cd sorption to both bacterial species at all Cd loadings tested (1-200 ppm). Carboxyl sites are responsible for the binding at intermediate Cd loadings. Phosphoryl ligands are more important than carboxyl ligands for Cd binding at high Cd loadings. For the lowest Cd loadings studied here, a sulfhydryl site was found to dominate the bound Cd budgets for both species, in addition to the carboxyl and phosphoryl sites that dominate the higher loadings. The EXAFS results suggest that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls have a low concentration of very high-affinity sulfhydryl sites which become masked by the more abundant carboxyl and phosphoryl sites at higher metal:bacteria ratios. This study demonstrates that metal loading plays a vital role in determining the important metal-binding reactions that occur on bacterial cell walls, and that high affinity, low-density sites can be revealed by spectroscopy of biomass samples. Such sites may control the fate and transport of metals in realistic geologic settings, where metal concentrations are low. 相似文献
109.
Anshu Prakash Mishra A. C. Pandey S. Rai 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,76(5):468-478
In this article, the authors examine Sea surface temperature (SST), Sea surface circulation (SSC) and Vertical velocity (VV) fields from simulation of 25 layers coarse resolution Modular ocean model (MOM version 3.0) with prescribed wind forcing for the region 74.25°S to 65°N, 180°W-180°E. It is found that distribution of SST simulated by the model shows its consistency with the observed climatology. However, simulated SST in the areas of Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) region and east of North America near equator exhibit slight warming with respect to observation, which may be due to model deficiency and forcing problems. Circulation features suggest that one of the strongest current viz. Antarctic circumpolar current (ACC) along with other major current systems viz. Gulf stream current, North and South Pacific current, Agulhas current, Labrador current, Canary current, etc are captured well by the model. In the Indian Ocean and other ocean basins, current patterns are well captured by the model simulation. Intense upwelling as well as downwelling areas is marked in the horizontal distribution of VV, which is as expected. VV show quasi-stagnant and convergent regions suggesting that floating materials may be accumulated during January/July in the real ocean and wind driven circulation may act as an important contribution for such transport of floating materials in these regions. An attempt has also been made to understand the fluctuations of the SST in NINO 3.4 region during the period of model simulation using SST anomalies. 相似文献
110.
The Upper Kaimur Group of the Vindhyan Supergroup in Central India, primarily consists of three rock types-DhandraulSandstone,
Scarp Sandstone and Bijaigarh Shale. Mineralogically and geochemically, they are quartz arenite, sublitharenite to litharenite
and litharenite to shale in composition, respectively. The A-CN-K ternary plot and CIA and ICV values suggest that the similar
source rocks suffered severe chemical weathering, under a hot-humid climate in an acidic environment with higher P
CO
2, which facilitated high sediment influx in the absence of land plants. Various geochemical discriminants, elemental ratios
like K2O/Na2O, Al2O3/TiO2, SiO2/MgO, La/Sc, Th/Sc, Th/Cr, GdN/YbN and pronounced negative Eu anomalies indicate the rocks to be of post-Archean Proterozoic granitic source, with a minor contribution
of granodioritic input, in a passive margin setting. The sediments of the Upper Kaimur Group were probably deposited in the
interglacial period in between the Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic glacial epochs. 相似文献