The bipolar jets associated with the planetary nebulae NGC 2392 and NGC 6543

TheUBV-photometry of a well-known X-ray binary Her X-1/HZ Her over 16 years is presented. The mean light curves of this system were constructed, using our and published data. Based on our observations in primary minimum the colour behaviour of Her X-1/HZ Her was investigated. An additional radiation during total eclipse of accretion disk is found at the ascending branch of the light curve.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.     

Anisotropy: High energy cosmic rays and the thermal background radiation

The motion of a large (100 Mpc radius) volume of local matter with respect to the frame in which the thermal cosmic background radiation (CBR) appears isotropic is shown to produce a contribution to anisotropy in the arrival directions of the highest energy (>10¹⁹ eV) cosmic rays. The magnitude of the effect predicted is 1%, below that currently observed and below the sensitivity of present experiments.     

Second species solutions with an 0(μ v ), 0<v<1, near-Moon passage

This paper illustrates the application of the theory for second species solutions with an 0( ^v ), 0<v<1, near-Moon passage to first species-second species bifurcations and to second species-second species bifurcations. It also corrects and improves the asymptotic approximations obtained in the author's previous work on this subject and it establishes a local form of Broucke's Principle for the types of bifurcations studied in this paper.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant MCS 7703591.     

Radius of convergence of Lie series for some elliptic elements

For equatorial orbits about an oblate body, we show that the Lie series for the elliptic elementse,f,l and diverge when the oblateness exceeds a critical multiple of the transformed eccentricity constant. The use of similar truncated series expansions for such elliptic elements by Brouwer accounts for the first-order errors at low eccentricity in his derived coordinates for an artificial satellite.     

A survey of coronal holes and their solar wind associations throughout sunspot cycle 20

To gain insight into the relationships between solar activity, the occurrence and variability of coronal holes, and the association of such holes with solar wind features such as high-velocity streams, a study of the period 1963–1974 was made. This period corresponds approximately with sunspot cycle 20. The primary data used for this work consisted of X-ray and XUV solar images obtained from rockets. The investigation revealed that:

1. The polar coronal holes prominent at solar minimum, decreased in area as solar activity increased and were small or absent at maximum phase. This evolution exhibited the same phase difference between the two hemispheres that was observed in other indicators of activity.
2. During maximum, coronal holes occurred poleward of the sunspot belts and in the equatorial region between them. The observed equatorial holes were small and persisted for one or two solar rotations only; some high latitude holes had lifetimes exceeding two solar rotations.
3. During 1963–74 whenever XUV or X-ray images were available, nearly all recurrent solar wind streams of speed ?500 km s^?1 were found associated with coronal holes at less than 40° latitude; however some coronal holes appeared to have no associated wind streams at the Earth.

     

The strength of the Sun's polar fields

The magnetic field strength within the polar caps of the Sun is an important parameter for both the solar activity cycle and for our understanding of the interplanetary magnetic field. Measurements of the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field generally yield 0.1 to 0.2 mT near times of sunspot minimum. In this paper we report measurements of the polar fields made at the Stanford Solar Observatory using the Fe i line 525.02 nm. We find that the average flux density poleward of 55° latitude is about 0.6 mT peaking to more than 1 mT at the pole and decreasing to 0.2 mT at the polar cap boundary. The total open flux through either polar cap thus becomes about 3 × 10¹⁴ Wb. We also show that observed magnetic field strengths vary as the line-of-sight component of nearly radial fields.     

Regular precessions of a gyrostatic satellite in a circular orbit

In the present paper, the regular precessions about the mass center are studied, for a Volterra-type gyrostatic satellite in a circular orbit under a Newtonian force field. All the possible regular precessions are determined.     

A new model for X-ray emission from NGC 4151

We present an analysis of the reported spectral features of NGC 4151 in X-rays. It is shown that the origin of X-rays from the source is inconsistent with a single production mechanism. We suggest a new two-component model in which soft X-rays arise from the black-body emission of a tiny hot nucleus withT2×10⁷ K and the hard X-ray photons are generated in an extended region by inverse Compton scattering of electrons with the infrared photons.     

The evolution of massive close binaries

The results of evolutionary computations for massive binary systems (initial masses of the primary 10M ) with mass ratios between 0.3 and 0.8 are summarized and compared with observations in order to verify how far one can go with the conservative assumption of mass exchange. It is found that conservative mass exchange leads to acceptable first-order models of W-R and massive X-ray binaries. However, the comparison between this theory and observation reveals that for the observed systems (W-R and X-ray binaries) a preference exists for low intial mass ratios; moreover, the X-ray luminosities of the theoretical models are systematically too low, though this may be due to the adopted wind model. In addition, the influences of several parameters (distance between the components, chemical composition, primary mass, mass ratio and atmosphere) are examined. These parameters influence the remnant mass and any further evolution only marginally. Attention is also given to the effect on the system parameters of a supernova explosion of the remnant of the mass-losing component. For a large range of systems a disruption probability smaller than 25% is found.