延边八家子镇上南沟“大理岩”地质地球化学特征及地质意义

传统观点认为,延边八家子镇上南沟"大理岩"为碳酸盐岩地层经过区域变质作用形成。通过详细的野外和镜下观察,发现该"大理岩"并不发育层理等典型沉积岩的特征,而主要呈岩株和岩墙产出,与围岩新东村岩组片岩、片麻岩呈港湾状侵入式接触;且其中发育大量围岩捕虏体,"大理岩"局部还发育有冷凝边;除上南沟"大理岩"外,在上南沟及周边地区并没有碳酸盐岩地层的发育。分析显示,上南沟"大理岩"具有与火成碳酸岩相似的微量元素和稀土元素组成特征,C、O同位素组成处于火成碳酸岩受低温蚀变的演化趋势之内。因此,初步认为延边八家子上南沟"大理岩"并不是由碳酸盐岩地层经区域变质作用形成,其成因可能存在以下2种解释:一种是上南沟"大理岩"为火成碳酸岩,很可能是华北克拉通破坏事件在北缘的响应;另一种可能是大规模富含CO2流体运移的产物,是大规模流体运移成矿的典型范例。     

东太平洋深海沉积物小于2μm组分的稀土元素地球化学特征

用等离子光谱测定了东太平洋９个深海沉积物样品的小于２μｍ组分及全岩的稀土元素,结果显示,小于２μｍ组分及全岩的稀土元素组成均受控于沉积物类型,而二者之间稀土元素组成的差异在钙质和硅质沉积物中出现相反的趋势。元素相分析和稀土元素赋存状态分析表明,这种差异主要由于沉积物物质组成的不同所致,表面在化学组成上,主要与ＭｎＯ,Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｆｅ２Ｏ３,ＣａＯ含量的变化有关,大多数样品在小于２μｍ组分的稀土组成     

二维小波变换与中值滤波联合去噪方法研究

由于随机噪声是一种频带较宽的干扰波,因此依靠单一的去噪处理方式往往难以获得清晰反映目标体的地震信息。小波变换能够较好的去除高斯噪声,保留有效波中、高频成分,提高记录的信噪比,但去除脉冲噪声的效果却并不理想;中值滤波具有良好的边缘保持特性,虽低频去噪声效果有限,但去除脉冲噪声效果明显。因此可利用二维小波变换与中值滤波优势互补的方法,进行叠前去噪处理,达到去除宽频随机噪声的目的。首先运用二维小波变换的理论,采用自适应门限阀值方法进行去噪,同时结合中值滤波方法联合去噪。模型与实际数据的应用效果表明,联合去噪方法可有效压制噪声能量、保留高频有效信号、提高地震记录信噪比与分辨率。     

Analysis of extreme low-temperature events during the warm season in Northeast China

The trends of global warming are increasingly significant, especially in the middle and high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere, where the impact of climate change on extreme events is becoming more noticeable. Northeast China is located in a high latitude region and is sensitive to climate change. Extreme minimum temperatures causing cold damage during the warm season is a major type of agro-meteorological disaster in Northeast China, which causes serious reductions in crop yield. In this paper, we analyzed the temporal and spatial trends in the frequency of extreme minimum temperatures during the warm season (from May to September) during 1956–2005 in Northeast China. Abrupt climatic changes were identified using the Mann–Kendall test. The results show that the frequency of extreme minimum temperature days during the warm season in Northeast China decreases significantly from 1956 to 2005 with a background of climate warming. The highest number of extreme minimum temperature days occurred in the 1970s and 1980s, and there was an abrupt climatic change in 1993. The spatial analysis identified that the north and southeast of the region experienced a larger decrease in the number of extreme low temperature days than the west and south of the region. Rice, sorghum, corn, and soybeans are most vulnerable to cold damage. In severe low temperature years, the average crop yield was reduced by 15.2% in Northeast China.     

江西省龟峰丹霞地貌景观类型与成因分析

龟峰丹霞地貌区位于信江盆地南缘,地处扬子板块与华夏板块的结合带.景区内丹霞地貌景观类型齐全,成景层位为上白垩统龟峰群的河口组和塘边组.河口组以紫红、砖红色砾岩、砂岩为主,塘边组以紫红色砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主.本文介绍了区内丹霞地貌类型,并结合对该区地质特征研究,提出岩性差异、地层产状、构造发育和水流影响为龟峰丹霞地貌形成的主要因素.     

Spatial distribution of surface soil water content under different vegetation types in northwest Guangxi, China

Geostatistical and statistical analyses were combined to examine the spatial distribution of soil water content under four vegetation types during the dry season, in the peak-cluster depression in the karst region in northwest Guangxi, southwest China. The soil water content significantly increased from farmland to plantation, secondary forest, and primary forest; whereas the variation coefficients, the sill (C ₀+C), and total spatial variance increased, although the range decreased. The spatial distribution of soil water content in the different vegetation types had a high spatial autocorrelation. Different models produced a best fit for the semivariograms of the four vegetation types. Elevation and slope position were the primary factors influencing the spatial distribution of soil water content, with other key factors differing between the four vegetation types. Moreover, even though different specific factors influenced soil water content in the four vegetation types, the correlations and degrees of associations between the soil water content and these various factors differed. Therefore, the corresponding strategies for rational usage and management of water resources should be different for the four vegetation types in this region.     

Vulnerability of population and transportation infrastructure at the east bank of Delaware Bay due to coastal flooding in sea-level rise conditions

Catastrophic flooding associated with sea-level rise and change of hurricane patterns has put the northeastern coastal regions of the United States at a greater risk. In this paper, we predict coastal flooding at the east bank of Delaware Bay and analyze the resulting impact on residents and transportation infrastructure. The three-dimensional coastal ocean model FVCOM coupled with a two-dimensional shallow water model is used to simulate hydrodynamic flooding from coastal ocean water with fine-resolution meshes, and a topography-based hydrologic method is applied to estimate inland flooding due to precipitation. The entire flooded areas with a range of storm intensity (i.e., no storm, 10-, and 50-year storm) and sea-level rise (i.e., current, 10-, and 50-year sea level) are thus determined. The populations in the study region in 10 and 50 years are predicted using an economic-demographic model. With the aid of ArcGIS, detailed analysis of affected population and transportation systems including highway networks, railroads, and bridges is presented for all of the flood scenarios. It is concluded that sea-level rise will lead to a substantial increase in vulnerability of residents and transportation infrastructure to storm floods, and such a flood tends to affect more population in Cape May County but more transportation facilities in Cumberland County, New Jersey.     

顶空气相色谱法测定地层水中的苯系物

利用极性聚乙二醇弹性石英毛细管柱分离苯系物，在线顶空气相色谱法测定地层水中的苯系物。讨论了色谱柱、载气压力、液相体积、顶空压力、顶空加热温度等因素对测定的影响。该方法实现了地层水中苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、异丙苯、苯乙烯等各组分的完全分离，方法的检出限在0．07—0．23μg／L，8次测定相对标准偏差在2．98％-4．91％，加标回收率为95．2％-104％。方法可用于地层水等液体样品中苯系物的测定。