新元古代极端冰期事件中生物避难所的环境条件

新元古代成冰纪(南华纪)(720～635 Ma)以全球性冰期事件而闻名。这次冰期事件对早期生命演化产生了显著影响,被认为是生命演化的“过滤器”和“瓶颈”。冰期前后生物对比表明生物演化并未中断,暗示冰期过程中存在生物避难所。扬子板块北缘神农架地区成冰系南沱组中发现了罕见的宏体藻类生物记录——宋洛生物群。为了探究成冰纪全球性冰期背景下,古环境与生物幸存之间的关系,本文对扬子北缘宋洛剖面和青林口剖面南沱组内含化石页岩层和不含化石泥岩层开展了元素地球化学对比研究。结果显示,不含化石泥岩层沉积于半咸水氧化环境,而含“宋洛生物群”化石的页岩层沉积于冰消期末期,当时海洋为正常盐度、次氧化状态,该地区具有相对温暖的气候条件。这可能为“宋洛生物群”在极端冰期下幸存并保存为化石提供了有利条件。该研究也表明新元古代极端冰期事件中的确存在适合复杂生命生存的避难所。     

新疆阿尔泰巴斯铁列克钨多金属矿区花岗岩黑云母特征及成岩成矿意义

黑云母是花岗质岩石中常见的造岩矿物,其成分可以有效指示花岗岩形成的物理化学条件和岩石成因。巴斯铁列克矿床是近年来在新疆阿尔泰造山带南缘发现的首例二叠纪矽卡岩型钨多金属矿床。矿区出露多种类型二叠纪含钨花岗岩。为理清花岗质岩体之间、岩体与钨多金属矿化之间的关系,文章采用电子探针测定了黑云母花岗岩、二长花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩中的黑云母成分。结果表明,所有黑云母具有富铁、高铝、贫镁特征,含铁指数(Fe²⁺/(Mg+Fe²⁺))为0.66~0.80,二云母花岗岩属铁质黑云母而黑云母花岗岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩属铁叶黑云母。所有岩石是具有A型特征的I型花岗岩。不同类型岩石中黑云母的成分差异与岩浆来源、分异演化程度有关。二云母花岗岩中黑云母的w(MgO)与结晶温度最高,与黑云母平衡流体的log(fHF/fHCl)值（-1.13~-1.25）最低,log(fH₂O/fHF)值（4.64~4.96）最高,母岩浆相对富Cl;黑云母花岗岩中log(fHF/fHCl)值最高,log(fH₂O/fHF)最低,与二长花岗岩是同一岩浆房不同演化阶段的产物,与二云母花岗岩和钾长花岗岩属不同的岩浆体系,母岩浆相对富F元素。黑云母花岗岩与W矿化关系更密切。     

火成岩岩石薄片智能识别及分类方法

在油气勘探、评价及开发中,岩性识别和薄片鉴定是十分重要的基础工作,准确的薄片识别结果可以为勘探和开发提供可靠的依据。传统的人工判定方法或实验室分析方法具有主观性强、效率低、自动化程度低等问题。目前基于内容的智能图像识别技术在准确性和具体应用方面还面临着许多难题。论文基于国内外相关研究成果与油气勘探与开发中岩芯薄片图像的特点及要求,设计并研制成功薄片图像自动识别系统和薄片智能鉴定系统。利用图像梯度分布和色彩分析进行火成岩岩石薄片智能分类,对所有像素进行类别划分进而得到整体的鉴定结果,实现了省时、高效、高精度的薄片智能鉴定成果。     

Petrogenesis of ore-bearing porphyry of a porphyry Cu deposit at Mujicun in the North China Craton and its geological implicationsSCIEI北大核心CSCD

国内外学者对发育于弧环境和碰撞造山环境的斑岩铜矿成岩机制已取得了深刻的理解,但对产出在克拉通内部的斑岩铜矿成岩机制在认识上还有所欠缺。本文报道了侵位于144Ma木吉村斑岩铜矿内的含矿闪长玢岩的岩石地球化学资料,以揭示木吉村斑岩铜矿的含矿斑岩成因。岩石地球化学资料显示:含矿闪长玢岩具有较低的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i值(0.70599~70690)和εNd(t)值(-19.4~-14.9),富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs),相对亏损元素Y和Yb。木吉村含矿斑岩与王安镇杂岩体镁铁质岩(辉石岩、角闪石岩、辉长岩、辉长闪长岩、安山岩)具有相似的微量元素配分模式、Sr-Nd同位素组成及亲EMⅠ地幔特征,这些岩浆岩呈现持续性的成份演化趋势,反映出它们的同源性。木吉村含矿斑岩及相关的镁铁质岩石具有相对较低的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i值(0.70564~706897)和εNd(t)值(-19.4~-13.8),显著区别于中上地壳同位素区域。含矿斑岩起源于伸展背景下富集地幔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆,其上升过程中遭受了一定程度的下地壳混染。玄武质岩浆在深部岩浆房发生堆晶作用形成具典型堆晶结构的角闪石岩等基性岩,随后在浅部岩浆房经历两阶段辉长岩-辉长闪长岩、安山岩-闪长玢岩系列分离结晶作用形成含矿斑岩。此过程可能是形成华北克拉通木吉村斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩的机制和动力诱因。     

基于社会网络分析方法的二氧化碳地质封存风险传染特征研究

二氧化碳(CO₂)地质封存技术作为深度减排不可或缺的必要手段,对保护生态环境、推动全球中长期应对气候变化的国际合作以及推进社会绿色、循环、低碳发展具有重要意义。文章总结了二氧化碳地质封存项目全生命周期中可能出现的46个风险因素,运用社会网络分析方法构建风险网络关系模型,对二氧化碳地质封存项目风险因素间的传递作用关系进行了研究。通过风险网络整体与局部参数分析确定风险传递过程中的关键起始节点、关键致险节点、关键传递节点等关键因素,识别出三条潜在风险传递链：(1)地质灾害风险→CO₂供应、注入或运输意外中断风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险;(2)操作人员知识不足或无相应资质风险→人为泄漏风险→项目对环境的破坏风险→公众参与风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险;(3)部门协调不当风险→人才招聘和管理风险→操作人员知识不足或无相应资质风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险。研究旨在为二氧化碳地质封存项目风险研究提供理论创新与技术参考,进而促进CO₂捕集、利用与封存项目的健康发展。     

Quantification of Water Content and Speciation in Synthetic Rhyolitic Glasses: Optimising the Analytical Method of Confocal Raman Spectrometry

Quantification of water content in silicate glasses is of vital significance in understanding magma evolution and metamorphic anataxis. Here we provide a method for the determination of total dissolved water content and water speciation in silicate melts by confocal laser Raman spectrometry based on a set of hydrous rhyolitic glasses. A series of alumino-silicate glasses with water contents from 0.33 to 9.05% m/m were synthesised in a piston cylinder apparatus. Synchrotron-FTIR mapping shows that these glasses have relatively homogeneous distributions of dissolved water. Total water contents of the glasses were precisely measured by TC/EA-MS and FTIR. Both external and internal calibration were established for the quantitative analysis of water content and water speciation in the silicate glasses based on excellent linear correlation between total dissolved water content and integrated area of the water Raman band. Furthermore, by decomposing the total water Raman bands into four Gaussians components, the relative concentration of water speciation (OH groups and molecules H₂O_m) dissolved in the glasses was determined with a similar trend to water speciation data derived from FTIR. We suggest that the relative concentration of water speciation can be estimated in rhyolitic glasses with 4–8% m/m H₂O. Our work provides an accurate method to determine total water content and a potential tool to limit the relative concentration of water speciation dissolved in silicic glasses.     

基于区块链的多方协作安全身份认证机制研究

信息技术的快速发展使身份认证机制的安全性得到越来越广泛的关注.但现有的身份认证机制存在着隐私泄露等风险,这就要求设计出更加可靠的身份认证机制.本文利用区块链的去中心化、不可篡改等特性,设计出基于区块链的多方协作安全身份认证机制.在实现可靠身份认证的同时,保证信息的权威性,在一定程度上减少数据冗余,并提高身份认证效率,保证全面且准确的身份认证.最后实现支持多个数据服务商对身份信息进行加密签名,保护数据隐私,以及多方共享数据的身份认证系统.     

东亚和西太平洋闪电时空尺度及光辐射能

利用2002—2014年的TRMM/LIS（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/lightning imaging sensor,热带测雨卫星/闪电成像仪）闪电观测数据分析了18°~36°N和70°~160°E范围内闪电尺度和光辐射能空间分布特征,并选取6个区域（区域1~6）,探讨09:00—14:00（地方时,下同）和18:00—次日06:00两个时段闪电上述属性的逐月变化和参数分布特征。研究指出:闪电空间尺度和光辐射能在深海最大,次之为近海和陆地,持续时间在中国东部近海最大,次之为深海和陆地。不同闪电属性大值分布区域差异明显,小值则分布在区域1和区域2。多数区域分析时段内闪电空间尺度和光辐射能的逐月变化趋势较一致,陆地上它们与闪电活动逐月变化的反向对应关系较明显。分析时段内闪电时空尺度和光辐射能均呈对数正态分布,陆地闪电各属性值比海洋闪电更向小值方向集中。在LIS观测性能较高的18:00—次日06:00,各区域内闪电持续时间中值为0.18~0.29 s,通道延展距离中值为12~21 km,光辐射能中值为0.11~0.52 J·m-2·sr-1·μm-1。分析时段内闪电空间尺度与光辐射能的相关性明显优于它们与持续时间的相关性。     

On the present habitats and ecology of Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 (Mollusca,Gastropoda, Vertiginidea) in Central Asia and its distribution history in Central and Eastern Europe

The small terrestrial gastropod Vertigo pseudosubstriata Ložek, 1954 is one of the rarest glacial indicator species in the Pleistocene of Central and Eastern Europe. In all, this species has been found at only about 15 sites in Europe. V. pseudosubstriata was initially described as a fossil in Central Europe and was discovered only later alive in Central Asia. With regard to its modern distribution, 25 habitats with V. pseudosubstriata have been examined in Tien Shan and in the central and southern Altai. These findings seem to capture the contemporary distribution of the species and provide information on the boundaries of its ecological requirements. These data are of great significance for the interpretation of the fossil assemblages. Since the few fossil specimens in Europe date from very different glacial periods in the Elsterian, Saalian Complex and Weichselian, it can be concluded that V. pseudosubstriata apparently immigrated in at least three distinct waves. Most of the Pleistocene specimens in eastern Central Europe and Eastern Europe are reported from archaeological sites of the Upper Middle Weichselian (Gravettian), roughly between 33 and 29 ka cal bp. In this paper, we review all reported modern and fossil occurrences and discuss the species' ecological range.