基于GIS的农用地质量综合评价方法研究--以无锡市马山区为例

根据农用地质量综合评价因素所具有的空间特征和相关性，采用GIS技术和方法，对评价区农地的自然条件和社会环境信息以一定格式输入、存储、检索和操作，并根据GIS空间分析的类型和功能，结合模糊综合评判模型等数学方法，提出农用地质量综合评价系统的框架模型。并以无锡市马山区为例，开展了评价因子的量化、空间分析、等级划分、面积量算及评价图件输出等功能的试验，为进一步构建集成的土地评价信息系统原型奠定了基础。     

城市边缘区景观变化与人为影响的空间分异研究

利用1988、1993、1998年的遥感影像，应用最大似然法和概率松弛法对马山景观组分进行了测量，在此基础上，对分类结果进行比较求得研究区景观变化的转移短也阵，分析了人为改造活动与景观组分之间的对应关系和空间变化过程，马山区已经从1988年的传统农业景观转化为1998年的城郊混合景观，人口、经济、产业结构均发生了巨大变化，借助人为影响指数，利用网格采样和地统计学分析，研究了马山1988-1998年间景观的人为开发利用活动，揭示人为活动的空间变异强度分布及景观转变过程的社会驱动力。     

Formation mechanism,experimental method,and property characterization of grain-displacing methane hydrates in marine sediment: A review

Grain-displacing hydrate deposits exist at many marine sites, which constitute an important part of methane hydrate resources worldwide. Attributed to the difficulties in acquiring field data and synthesizing experimental samples, the formation and property characterization of grain-displacing hydrate remains less understood and characterized than the pore-filling hydrate in current literature. This study reviews the formation mechanisms of grain-displacing hydrate from the perspective of geolog...     

Influence of snow cover changes on surface radiation and heat balance based on the WRF model

The snow cover extent in mid-high latitude areas of the Northern Hemisphere has significantly declined corresponding to the global warming, especially since the 1970s. Snow-climate feedbacks play a critical role in regulating the global radiation balance and influencing surface heat flux exchange. However, the degree to which snow cover changes affect the radiation budget and energy balance on a regional scale and the difference between snow-climate and land use/cover change (LUCC)-climate feedbacks have been rarely studied. In this paper, we selected Heilongjiang Basin, where the snow cover has changed obviously, as our study area and used the WRF model to simulate the influences of snow cover changes on the surface radiation budget and heat balance. In the scenario simulation, the localized surface parameter data improved the accuracy by 10 % compared with the control group. The spatial and temporal analysis of the surface variables showed that the net surface radiation, sensible heat flux, Bowen ratio, temperature and percentage of snow cover were negatively correlated and that the ground heat flux and latent heat flux were positively correlated with the percentage of snow cover. The spatial analysis also showed that a significant relationship existed between the surface variables and land cover types, which was not obviously as that for snow cover changes. Finally, six typical study areas were selected to quantitatively analyse the influence of land cover types beneath the snow cover on heat absorption and transfer, which showed that when the land was snow covered, the conversion of forest to farmland can dramatically influence the net radiation and other surface variables, whereas the snow-free land showed significantly reduced influence. Furthermore, compared with typical land cover changes, e.g., the conversion of forest into farmland, the influence of snow cover changes on net radiation and sensible heat flux were 60 % higher than that of land cover changes, indicating the importance of snow cover changes in the surface-atmospheric feedback system.     

桂林市区域人粮关系及其协调研究

采用粮食趋势产量与资源潜力产量结合、从食物消费结构探求粮食消费数量等方法，对桂林市未来区域人粮关系及其协调对策进行了研究。结果表明，未来该市人粮关系矛盾依然严峻，并有加重趋势；但在加大投入、提高粮食单产，加强计划生育、严格控制人口增长、大力开发周边旅游资源、分流外来游客、充分利用草山草坡资源、走“节粮”型畜禽 道路等前提下，人粮关系矛盾有望得到解决。     

Effects of organic acids on dissolution of Fe and Mn from weathering coal gangue

Understanding the effects of organic acids (OA) on the transformation of Fe and Mn to surface water from the weathering coal gangue is of great benefit to risk assessment and remediation strategies for contaminated water and soil. Based on the investigation on surface water in the central coal districts of the Guizhou Province, 18 water samples were collected for heavy metal analysis. The results indicated that the pH value of surface water is low (3.11–4.92), and Fe concentration (1.31–5.55 mg L^?1) and Mn concentration (1.90–5.71 mg L^?1) were, on average, 10.86 and 34.33 times the limit of Surface Water Quality Standards, respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of the OA on the dissolution of Fe and Mn from the weathering coal gangue, column elution and batch leaching experiments were conducted. The results show that the low molecular weight of organic acids (LMWOAs, i.e., oxalic, tartaric, malic and citric acids) and fulvic acids significantly accelerated the dissolution of Fe and Mn; in addition, when the concentration of OA reached 25 mmol L^?1, the concentrations of Fe, and Mn were 1.14–67.08 and 1.11–2.32 times as high as those in 0.5 mmol L^?1 OA, respectively. Furthermore, the migration of Fe and Mn was significantly influenced by the pH and Eh, especially for Fe; the ion Mn was dissolved from the gangue more easily than the ion Fe in the column leaching, which was contrary to the results of batch leaching.     

基于高分辨率数值模拟的杭州市通风廊道气象效应研究

城市通风廊道能增加城市空气流通能力,缓解城市热岛,为了定量评估城市通风廊道的气象效应,本文采用区域边界层化学模式(RBLM-Chem),利用杭州市高分辨率地表类型、城市建筑等资料,开展了杭州市通风廊道影响的模拟研究,模式水平分辨率为250 m。本文针对冬季和夏季两个典型个例进行数值模拟和敏感性试验,夏季个例时间为2013年8月12日,盛行南风,风向顺着通风廊道;冬季个例时间为2014年1月28日,盛行东风,风向垂直于通风廊道。主要结论如下:城市绿色通风廊道有增加风速、降低气温、提高湿度的作用,与没有通风廊道的情况相比,夏季风顺着廊道方向时,廊道区域风速平均增加可达1.4 m/s,廊道区域内60 m高度风速平均增加可达1 m/s。而冬季风垂直于廊道时,廊道区域风速增加较小,仅有0.5 m/s左右。通风廊道夏季降温幅度平均可达2.7°C,冬季降温幅度较小,仅有0.6°C左右。通风廊道对气象场的影响随风向向下游延伸,夏季在通风廊道下游250 m处,风速增加、气温下降、相对湿度增加最大值分别为1.5 m/s、2.9°C、3.1%,即使在通风廊道下游1500 m处,最大降温仍有1.2°C。     

STEREO Observations of Energetic Ions in Corotating Interaction Regions During the May 2007 Solar Events

Solar Physics - Elemental composition and energy spectra of ～?0.1?–?1.0 MeV/n heavy ions were analyzed in two corotating interaction region (CIR) events...     

光纤陀螺的信号检测方法比较

本文介绍了干涉式光纤陀螺的基本原理，评述了光纤陀螺的信号检测方法。对开环和闭环检测方案进行了比较分析。分析认为全数字闭环检测方案优于其它方案，更适合于研制高精度的光纤陀螺。最后介绍了信号处理硬件系统的功能和组成。     

青壮年人脑囊虫病CT与临床表现对照研究

本文收集了总结了４０例脑囊虫病的临床资料，并对其ＣＴ表现及病理进行了对照分析，其中脑实型１６例，脑膜型４例，脑室型２例，混合型１８例。作者认为ＣＴ诊断脑事虫病具有很大的特征性：（１）低密度囊状病灶，（２）高密度点状或结节状病灶（３）低密度囊状病灶壁有点状结节状高密度影。ＣＴ检查在显示脑囊虫的数目，位置及分型方面明显优于其它检查。