Inter-decadal Variability in Phytoplankton Community in the Middle Adriatic (Kaštela Bay) in Relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation

Evaluation of a 45-year data set of primary production (PP), a 30-year data set of phytoplankton biomass, and a 51-year data set of species composition shows an increase of phytoplankton biomass and abundance in the period from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Phytoplankton biomass showed bimodal seasonal cycles, with winter and spring maxima, which did not change over the past 30 years. Diatoms were the most abundant functional group and they prevailed during the colder part of the year while the dinoflagellate contribution to the phytoplankton community increased in the warmer period from May to August. Diatoms showed a significant negative correlation with sea surface temperature (SST), while dinoflagellates were positively correlated with SST. An increase of phytoplankton abundance, particularly dinoflagellate, in the period from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s coincided with years characterized by a high North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. Primary production and chlorophyll a concentration in the spring period were negatively correlated with the NAO winter (DJFM) index, probably caused by increased precipitation associated with a low or negative NAO index. PP in winter during the mixing period was positively related to the NAO winter index associated with higher temperatures and dry conditions which brought more clear days and increased input of solar radiation.     

基于卷积神经网络的速度大脉冲识别方法研究

含速度大脉冲的强地震动具有复杂的特性,人工提取速度大脉冲特征的方法较繁琐,故利用卷积神经网络（CNN）在图像特征自动提取方面的优势,提出基于卷积神经网络图像识别的速度大脉冲识别方法。基于美国太平洋地震工程研究中心NGA-West1数据库提供的强地震动记录,筛选出6 000条非脉冲记录和91条含有速度大脉冲的强地震动记录。采用在原始记录中加入高斯噪声和过采样的方法,使2类记录样本数量达到均衡。利用本文建立的卷积神经网络模型对2类记录速度时程图进行特征自动提取和分类识别,结果显示测试集准确率为99%,表明本文卷积神经网络模型能够自动提取速度大脉冲特征,进而复现已有结果。将本文方法与传统方法进行了对比,结果表明,对含有多个速度脉冲的强地震动记录的识别,本文方法优于传统方法,具有较高的可靠性、鲁棒性、灵活性。     

西藏地区人体舒适度指数的变化特征

采用1980～2009年西藏地区38个气象站的观测资料,分析了该地区人体舒适度指数的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)无论年或者季节变化,舒适度指数均呈现从东南向西北方向逐渐减少的分布规律,普遍舒适的区域主要位于西藏南部和东南部地区;近30a来西藏地区人体舒适度指数呈现显著增加的趋势;舒适度指数与海拔高度、纬度、温度和相对湿度密切相关;(2)从舒适日数来看,西藏地区基本处于冷或偏冷、凉或偏凉的舒适度状态,寒冷和普遍舒适的日数较少;近30a来西藏地区1级和2级不舒适天数呈现逐渐减少趋势,3级、4级不舒适天数和5级舒适天数呈现逐渐增加的趋势;(3)从适合旅游的舒适天数来看,西北部以6～9月为适宜旅游月份,中部以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,过渡到东南部地区以5～9月或10月为适宜旅游月份,甚至可以提前到4月;旅游适宜月份数和天数由北向南呈逐渐增加的趋势。     

西藏地区近几十年的增湿效应研究

利用1955-2000年西藏6个地面观测站的46年连续观测资料,分析了近几十年西藏自治区部分地区气温、降水及水汽压变化特征,并利用第二类热成风螺旋度解释气温与降水的关系.结果表明:西藏近几十年平均气温呈显著的上升趋势,尤其是20世纪90年代以来更为显著(10年上升了0.32℃);全区降水量也有增多趋势;1955-1964年西藏地区气温升高时,第二类热成风螺旋度上升,导致降水量同时增多.1965-1981年气温、降水和第二类热成风螺旋度的变化幅度均较小.1982～2000年气温显著上升时,第二类热成风螺旋度上升,引起湿旋转作用加强,温度扰动加强,从而进一步加速大气中的水汽凝结,形成更多的降水;与此同时,地面蒸发量却减少,导致地表水增加,引发更多的地质灾害,造成更大的经济损失.     

西藏改则地区在东亚季风前期大气层特征

利用JICA项目改则站第二阶段加密探空观测资料,着重揭示了该地区大气层结构的观测事实,尤其是边界层风、温、湿特征。主要结论如下：（1）该地区不论是对流层还是边界层,温度递减率都较大,白天可以接近或超过干绝热直减率,在清晨出现逆温的频率较多。（2）该地区白天近地层存在逆湿现象,近地层上部是否存在逆湿现象与天气和下垫面背景有关。（3）该地区近地层风速极值也出现在早晚时刻,白天风速较小。边界层风则随高度呈多峰值变化。     

AdobePhotoshop图像系统在地学数据图像化处理中的应用

简要地介绍了ＡｄｏｂｅＰｈｏｔｏｓｈｏｐ图像系统的运行环境与主要功能。通过与地学数据图像化处理流程的对比分析表明，一般用户只要获得一些其他软件与应用程序的支持，便可在微机上以Ｐｈｏｔｏｓｈｏｐ为依托，组织进行各种深入有意义的地学数据图像化处理工作。     

Morpho-tectonic evolution of the Marmara Sea inferred from multi-beam bathymetric and seismic data

In an initial stage, the Sea of Marmara developed as a graben and, in due course, considerable volumes of sediments were deposited in this basin. Before 200 ka, a new fault (New Marmara Fault) cutting through the whole basin developed, which postdated large sub-marine land sliding in the western part of the basin. This mass movement created the Western Ridge. The initiation of this strike-slip fault indicates that the extensional stress regime was replaced by a new, shearing stress field. In the eastern part of the Marmara Basin, the New Marmara Fault consists of two branches. The northern one replaces the normal faulting at the bottom of the northeastern slope of the basin. As a result, this slope has been rejuvenated. The southern branch is located along the central axis of the basin, forming the major extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone within the region. Two restraining bends were formed because of the counterclockwise rotation of that part of the Anatolian Block. This resulted the uplifting of the Eastern Ridge and the formation of the positive flower structure within the Tekirdag Basin. The establishment of the compressional regime around the Sea of Marmara also resulted in the northwest–southeast shortening of the initial Marmara Basin.     

抗差拟合推估在基坑支护结构变形监测中的应用

本文提出了利用二次曲面函数和多面函数法构建基坑监测面变形模型的方法，并将稳健估计应用于监测数据处理中。通过实例分析，指出了二次曲面函数法适合无支撑的苦坑监测面位移模型拟合，多面函数法适合有支撑的基坑监测面位移模型拟合。最后，对如何确定多面函数法的中心点个数作了讨论．得出了有益的结论。     

冀中坳陷斜坡带奥陶系潜山油气成藏条件分析

研究工作依据实际资料和新的地质认识,对冀中坳陷文安斜坡和杨村斜坡奥陶系潜山带的构造格局及古潜山油气藏的形成条件进行了剖析。该区发育有正向和反向正断层,奥陶系地层形成一个地垒状潜山带,上覆石炭—二叠系地层,具有新生—古生—古储—中堵的成藏条件。石炭—二叠系煤系和下第三系泥岩为供烃源;不整合面、断面及北西向断裂为供油通道。油气成藏的主力因素储层的发育明显受白云石化、岩溶和构造破裂作用的控制,喜马拉雅期的岩溶作用是由活动断层导入岩溶水而得以进行的,因此,孔隙、裂隙相对富集的岩层与活动断层的匹配是潜山储层形成的关键地质条件。潜山古风化壳并不是制约储层发育的唯一因素。对该类储层的评价应构造分析与地层分析相结合。储集条件影响了油气的富集,长期活动的大断裂控制了油气的分布。     

硼酸溶液蒸发时温度对硼的挥发和硼同位素分馏的影响

以NBSSRM 95 1硼标准溶液为研究对象 ,测定了不同温度以及是否加入甘露醇的情况下浓缩硼酸溶液后硼的回收率和11B 10 B比值。通过分析硼回收率和11B 10 B比值随温度和甘露醇变化的趋势 ,初步得出了浓缩硼酸样品的较佳条件为 :在被浓缩样品中加入甘露醇并在 85℃左右的温度下进行浓缩。