浅谈信息化测绘在土地利用与管理中的应用

当今社会,土地的利用与管理工作与人们的日常生活密切相关,小到居民住房的购买,大到国家的土地利用总体规划,其工作成效直接影响着人民生活的安居乐业和国家的长治久安。随着测绘相关技术的日臻完善,我国的测绘体系经历了由传统测绘向数字化测绘的转变,目前正在向信息化测绘过渡。信息化测绘是测绘行业发展的必然趋势,其高效的作业模式必然会给土地的利用和管理提供巨大的便利。首先介绍了信息化测绘的内涵及技术体系,然后探讨了信息化测绘技术在土地利用和管理中的应用,最后对信息化测绘技术在土地利用与管理上的发展前景进行了展望。     

测绘生产计划信息一体化管理的解决方案

分析了测绘生产计划制定与管理中所涉及的各类信息的特点及相互关系,提出了一种简单实用的空间数据与属性数据一体化管理的解决方案.通过建立空间数据表和编制空间数据引擎模块,解决了测绘计划存储、下达、上报和管理过程中相关数据的安全性问题;在SQL Anywhere关系数据库中实现了空间数据与属性数据一体化管理.该方案成功应用于测绘生产计划管理系统中.     

Disease resistance and humoral immunomodulatory effects of vitamin C on grouper,Epinephelus awoara

The disease resistance and humoral immunomodulatory effects of vitamin C administered orally to grouper,Epinephelus awoara maintained on a frozen fish diet supplemented with vitamin C at 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg were investigated. After 20 weeks, the growth rates of the groups with high level of vitamin C apparently increased. The untreated fish had symptoms of vitamin C deficiency. The endogenous liver tissue vitamin C levels were found to reflect well the dietary treatments. After intraperitoneal injection or bath challenge with a virulent strain ofVibrio vulnificus, fish fed with high level vitamin C showed significantly higher survival rate compared with the normal control group. Vaccination with formalin inactivatedV. vulnificus significantly enhanced the specific antibody production in fish treated with vitamin C, and completely protected from strong bacterial challenge the groups fed on fish with vitamin C 1500 and 2000 mg/kg diet. Project 39500113 supported by NSFC and also by Guangdong Science Research Foundation (Grant No. 950711).     

Post-depositional modification of NO-3 in snow layers at EastAntarctica and at the headwater of ürumqi River

Acidic species, such as Nitrate, in polar snow and firn layers are “reversibly” deposited, and are sufficiently volatile to undergo significant postdepositional exchange between snow/firn and the atmosphere. Through comparison of the snowpit and snowpack nitrate concentrations from central East Antarctica and the headwater of ürumqi River, we conclude that the nitrate peaks in the uppermost surface snow layers in central Antarctica are not related to an atmospheric signal and must account for post-depositional effects. Such effects, however, are not found in the surface snowpack nitrate profiles from the headwater of ürumqi River. Two reasons may account for the post-depositional difference. At first, nitrate in the polar snow and firn layers appears to be hydrated ion, which can be taken up by the atmosphere, while at the headwater of ürumqi River it seems mainly as mineral ion, which assembles the behavior of aerosol-derived species that are “irreversibly” deposited and do not undergo significant post-depositional exchange with the atmosphere. Secondly, the chemical features of the snow and ice on the Antarctica are mainly determined by wet deposition, to the contrary, dry deposition is more significant at the headwater of lUrumqi River than that on the East Antarctic Plateau.     

Fresh snow chemistry from high mountain regions in central himalayas

Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu…     

广东沿海牡蛎体Ni含量水平及其时空变化趋势

198 9～ 1997年间 ,为实施“南海贻贝观察”计划 ,对广东沿海 12个地点近江牡蛎体内的 Ni含量水平进行了连续监测 ,结果全部牡蛎样品均检出 Ni,含量范围为 0 .17～ 2 .37mg/kg(湿重 ) ,总平均值为0 .58mg/kg。污染评价结果显示 ,广东沿海 Ni含量总体上处于微污染—轻污染水平。牡蛎体 Ni平均含量呈珠江口海区 >粤西海区 >粤东海区的分布格局 ,其最高值出现在深圳湾、唐家湾和湛江港。 70年代后期至 1991年 ,牡蛎体的 Ni含量呈明显下降趋势 ,此后 Ni含量年际间虽有波动 ,但无显著差异     

Solubilities,Densities,Refractive Indices of Aqueous Ternary Systems PEG400-NaCl/KCl-H2O at 298 K

Phase equilibria for the NaCl/KCl-PEG400-H_2 O aqueous ternary systems at 298 K were studied using an isothermal dissolution method. In addition,the densities and refractive indices were determined. The corresponding phase diagrams,as well as the density vs. composition and refractive index vs.composition diagrams,were plotted. Results revealed that over the entire PEG400 composition range studied at 298 K only 1 liquid phase was obtained,without the formation of a biphase region. The phase diagrams of these 2 systems consist of 1 homogeneous area with unsaturated liquid( L) and an equilibrium area containing the solid phase of NaCl/KCl and the saturated liquid phase( S + L). The solubility of NaCl/KCl decreases with the addition of PEG400 at 298 K.     

全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇评估

碳酸盐岩风化吸收的大气CO₂主要以HCO₃ ^-形式连续地经由河流从大陆输送到海洋,成为陆地生态系统的重要碳汇。目前主要河流流域的碳酸盐岩风化碳汇估算存在不确定性,分布格局尚不清晰。基于GEMS-GLORI全球河流数据库提供的全球10万km ²以上主要河流流域多年平均监测数据,利用水化学径流法估算出全球主要河流流域碳酸盐岩对CO₂的吸收速率为0.43±0.15 Pg CO₂ yr ^-1,平均CO₂吸收通量为7.93±2.8 t km ^-2 yr ^-1。CO₂吸收通量在不同气候带下差异显著,热带和暖温带CO₂年吸收速率占全球主要河流流域年吸收速率的62.95%。冷温带CO₂年吸收速率占全球主要河流流域的33.05%,仅次于热带地区。本文划分出全球CO₂吸收通量的9个关键带,关键带的交汇处CO₂吸收通量较高。喀斯特出露流域碳酸盐岩对CO₂吸收通量的均值为8.50 t km ^-2 yr ^-1,约为非喀斯特流域的3倍。全球喀斯特出露流域碳酸盐岩风化碳汇在全球碳循环、水循环及碳收支平衡估算研究方面占据重要地位。     

中国旅游城市生态安全系统评估与类型划分研究 ——基于节点权重约束网络DEA模型

采用 DPSIR概念模型作为旅游生态安全系统的基本形态,引入网络 DEA模型测度系统运行效率,从“投入-产出”的研究视角探究旅游生态安全系统内部作用机理。采用结构方程模型对网络 DEA模型的结构及权重加以限制,构建具有节点权重约束的网络 DEA评价模型,对主要旅游城市生态安全系统实例进行实证研究。研究结果认为：将生态安全系统分为自然运行阶段、管理反馈阶段2阶段进行效率评价,加权综合得出各旅游城市生态安全系统的综合评价值,以此为依据将样本城市划分为按系统效率的评价结果将其分划为绿色发展型、稳步发展型、高效发展型、双向提升型和管理能力缺失型,针对各类型旅游城生态安全系统特点提出改善其生态安全系统状况的建议。     

Ichthyoplankton recruitment from mainstream of the Changjiang River into the Dongting Lake,the second largest freshwater lake in China

Floodplains are important and distinctive ecosystems around the world, and the recruitment of ichthyoplankton from river to floodplain lakes is crucial to maintain this unique ecosystem. However,this process has not been well documented. In this study, ichthyoplankton were sampled to investigate the details of ichthyoplankton recruitment from the Changjiang(Yangtze) River to the Dongting Lake via a floodway channel, the Songzi River, from May to July in 2013 and 2014. During the study period, 41 species of eggs and larvae were sampled. Among the samples, 16 were river-lake migratory species(RL), representing23.5% of the species in the Dongting Lake. In 2013, an estimated 130 million eggs and 3 180 million larvae drifted through the sampling section, and in 2014, an estimated 1 060 million eggs and 1 040 million larvae drifted through the sampling section. The amount of eggs and larvae of RL reached 3 210 million in 2013 and 1 850 million in 2014, respectively. These results demonstrated the importance of ichthyoplankton recruitment from the river to the lake, as species diversity will decrease sharply without this recruitment.Canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) showed that water temperature and water flow are the two most important factors influencing the spawning activities of fish. To maintain the high fish diversity in the Changjiang floodplain, we suggest to irrigate the channel to increase water discharge and increase the transport of ichthyoplankton from the Changjiang mainstream into the Dongting Lake.