文化消费者对黄梅戏展演空间感知的模式与价值寻求：方法−目的链理论的应用

以安庆黄梅戏会馆和再芬黄梅公馆为例,基于方法?目的链理论模型,解读文化消费者对黄梅戏展演空间属性的感知评价、层次处理和价值导向的转变。研究发现：不同层次的空间属性在文化消费者的感知与体验中实现着新的组合与重构,由此形成了基于舞台展演内容、文化呈现形式以及演出环境氛围为主体的3种空间感知模式。结合文化消费者感知的心理结构与路径,黄梅戏展演空间被消费者建构为娱乐空间、情感空间和社交空间,空间的多元化意义和价值得到彰显。方法?目的链理论从消费者的感知与需求出发,探索文化空间意义生成路径,实现了文化空间与消费者之间的双向信息交换。     

基于ICESat/GLAS数据的中国典型区域SRTM与ASTER GDEM高程精度评价

航天飞机雷达地形测绘(shuttle radar topography mission, SRTM)和先进星载热发射和反射辐射成像仪全球数字高程模型(advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer global digital elevation model, ASTER GDEM)提供了全球覆盖面积最广的数字高程模型(digital elevation model, DEM)数据, 但其高程精度还未得到充分验证, 传统地面测量方法很难适用于验证大面积范围的DEM精度.以冰、云和陆地高程卫星/地学激光测高系统(ICESat/GLAS)高程数据为参考, 综合利用地理信息系统(geographic information system, GIS)空间分析、三维可视化与统计分析方法, 对中国典型低海拔沿海平原地区和高海拔山地的两种DEM数据高程精度进行了对比分析.结果表明, 高程值小于20m的低海拔地区, SRTM高程精度达到2.39m, ASTER GDEM的精度达到4.83m, 均远远高于这两种数据的标称精度; 而在西南山地, 这两种DEM的精度大约为20m, 与标称精度相当.最后, 建立了ICESat/GLAS与SRTM和ASTER GDEM的一元线性回归模型, 该模型具有较高的拟合度和显著线性关系, 可用于改善这两种DEM的高程精度.      

西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩沉积岩相古地理与孔隙特征

海陆过渡相富有机质泥页岩是页岩气勘查开发的重要领域。本文以西昌盆地上三叠统白果湾组富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,对研究区内富有机质泥页岩的沉积岩相古地理特征、微观孔隙类型、孔隙结构特征进行研究。白果湾组富有机质泥页岩段沉积相主要为湖泊相、三角洲相、河流相。发育不同类型的微孔隙,孔隙主要以小孔为主,微孔次之,平均孔径分布在5.56~56.89nm之间,比表面积平均为9.44m²/g,总孔体积平均为0.0187cm³/g。页岩气主要形成于滨浅湖亚相及半深湖亚相中,并主要吸附于富有机质泥页岩的小孔、微孔内;西昌盆地白果湾组富有机质泥页岩储集空间较好,具有良好的勘探潜力。     

超浅海风暴潮的数值模拟(一)——零阶模型对渤海风潮的初步应用

由我国北方的寒潮或冷空气所引起的渤海风潮,按文献的分析,该属于“超浅海风暴潮”类型.以渤海风潮为例,按超浅海风暴潮理论进行数值计算,不仅对该理论是一有力的检验,且对探讨渤海风潮的机制和预报也是一个有益的参考. 将冷锋所造成的大风风场重现在计算网格上,在现场海面风资料极度贫乏的情况下,显然是一较难的课题.本文仅就发生渤海风潮时,渤海上空风场的几个主要力学特征,设计了几个理论模式风应力场,对渤海风潮进行了数值计算,以期获得全过程概貌及主要特征.计算结果达到了这一预期目的.     

1949—2009年登陆和影响浙江的热带气旋分析

通过对1949—2009年61年间登陆和影响浙江的热带气旋的时空分布特征、主要影响路径等的分析,发现在7—9月份登陆浙江的热带气旋占登陆总数的92.5%,7—9月份影响浙江的热带气旋占影响总数的82%。影响浙江的热带气旋中登陆福建或在台湾海峡消失的热带气旋占的比重最多。虽然西北太平洋上热带气旋生成个数近年来大幅减少,但登陆浙江的强台风有明显增多的趋势。随着气候的变暖,海水温度的增高,热带气旋生成的时间提早,结束的时间偏迟。另外通过对热带气旋影响时各海岛、沿海和内陆站的大风、暴雨的分析,发现热带气旋影响期间容易引起大风天气的是大陈和嵊山站;容易引起暴雨天气的是温岭、临海和温州站。本文还分析了验潮站最大增水超过1m、2m、3m的时空分布特征。     

Numerical Analysis of Gravity Coring Using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Method and a New Corer

The shortcomings of gravity corers in sampling marine sediments have been observed extensively in various field tests. In order to optimize the coring, this article provides an alternative numerical way to model the gravity coring and analyze the sampling effect. Based on this analysis, a new hydraulic hammer corer is devised. A coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method with capability of simulating the problem involving extreme deformation, penetration is used to simulate the coring process. The results show that the hydrostatic pressure and deviator stress increase and reach their peak when the pile tip is slightly above or at the level of the observation point and then drop rapidly when the pile tip slides below the observation point. In addition, the stress path indicates that the soil element sustains plastic compression before yielding and then expands until recovering to the original state. The obvious “under-sampling” phenomenon is also well-captured by the finite element model.     

Safety Assessment of Buried Pipeline during Pile Driving Vibration in Offshore Engineering

To assess the impact of pile driving on adjacent submarine pipelines during the reconstruction of a pier berth, the local damage model of submarine pipelines is established to explore the safety thresholds of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. The results are analyzed and adjusted by the existing standards and the corresponding literatures. Then, a three-dimensional numerical model is presented to assess the feasibility of the construction of piles by the obtained safety limits, in which the nonlinear behavior of the soil and stress–seepage coupling analysis are considered. After the construction, the safety of submarine pipelines is rechecked by the measured value of the particle peak velocity and horizontal displacement. Meanwhile, the propagation law of vibration, the horizontal displacement of underground soil, and the pore pressure during pile driving are explored. The results indicate that the construction of piles of 2# mooring pier did not cause damage to adjacent submarine pipelines. However, the construction of piles of 1# mooring pier which is nearer may cause damage to submarine pipelines.     

RADARSAT影像在土地利用动态监测中的应用

为了改变以往土地管理部门对土地管理的传统方式,节省在常规管理中耗费的大量人力和物力,遥感技术作为新兴发展的科学技术,已应用于动态监测土地利用的变化。本文将具体论述如何利用微波遥感技术监测土地利用的动态变化。     

广西北部湾地区表层土壤As分布特征及其影响因素

选取广西北部湾地区表层土壤中As元素为研究对象,采集了7 327个土壤样品,400个岩石样品,分析As、K₂O、Na₂O、CaO、MgO、SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、Mn、Ti、pH和有机碳（SOC）等指标,探讨了土壤成土母岩、成土作用、土壤组成、pH和有机质等对表层土壤As元素的影响。结果表明：As元素平均质量分数为7.96×10^-6,为中国土壤背景值0.80倍;风化作用对于As元素的次生富集起到极为重要的作用,明显强于成土母岩As元素背景的影响。Pearson相关分析和主成分分析表明：在土壤组成和土壤性质等因素中,含Al矿物（Al₂O₃）、含Fe矿物（TFe₂O₃）、含Si矿物（SiO₂）和SOC,对土壤As的富集起到主导作用;pH 和含 Ca矿物（CaO）的作用较弱;而含K矿物（K₂O）、含Na矿物（Na₂O）和含Mg矿物（MgO）对As的次生富集作用可以忽略不计。     

Changes of soil surface roughness under water erosion process

The objective of this study was to determine the changing characteristics of soil surface roughness under different rainfall intensities and examine the interaction between soil surface roughness and different water erosion processes. Four artificial management practices (raking cropland, artificial hoeing, artificial digging, and contour tillage) were used according to the local agriculture customs of the Loess Plateau of China to simulate different types of soil surface roughness, using an additional smooth slope for comparison purposes. A total of 20 rainfall simulation experiments were conducted in five 1 m by 2 m boxes under two rainfall intensities (0.68 and 1.50 mm min^?1) on a 15° slope. During splash erosion, soil surface roughness decreased in all treatments except raking cropland and smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, while increasing for all treatments except smooth baseline under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. During sheet erosion, soil surface roughness decreased for all treatments except hoeing cropland under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1. However, soil surface roughness increased for the artificial hoeing and raking cropland under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1. Soil surface roughness has a control effect on sheet erosion for different treatments under two rainfall intensities. For rill erosion, soil surface roughness increased for raking cropland and artificial hoeing treatments, and soil surface roughness decreased for artificial digging and the contour tillage treatments under two rainfall intensities. Under rainfall intensity of 0.68 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of runoff and sediment yield. Under rainfall intensity of 1.50 mm min^?1, the critical soil surface roughness was 1.633 cm for the resistance control of runoff, while the critical soil surface roughness was 0.706 cm for the resistance control of sediment yield. These findings have important implications for clarifying the erosive nature of soil surface roughness and harnessing sloped farmland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.