大兴安岭多宝山晚三叠世双峰式侵入岩年代学及地球动力学背景

多宝山矿区发现有侵位于晚奥陶世花岗闪长岩的角闪辉长岩和英云闪长岩,二者具有双峰式侵入岩的特征,在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对多宝山双峰式侵入岩进行了岩石学、年代学、地球化学方面的研究,并初步探讨其构造意义.角闪辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为224.3±1.7 Ma,英云闪长岩为226.3±2.3 Ma,两者形成于同一构造岩浆作用事件;侵入岩的SiO2含量呈双峰式,稀土、微量元素特征表明它们具有岛弧岩浆特征,二者具有相同的岩石圈地幔源区,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响.结合区域构造背景,认为其形成与鄂霍茨克洋壳俯冲有关,产于活动大陆边缘环境,它们可能是受地壳混染的OIB型玄武质岩浆在地壳中部的一个"双扩散"岩浆房通过结晶分异形成的.     

Comparison of soil moisture products from microwave remote sensing,land model,and reanalysis using global ground observations

High-quality soil moisture (SM) datasets are in great demand for climate, hydrology, and other fields, but detailed evaluation of SM products from various sources is scarce. Thus, using 670 SM stations worldwide, we evaluated and compared SM products from microwave remote sensing [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) (C- and X-bands) and European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI)], land surface model [Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS)], and reanalysis data [ECMWF Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)] under different time scales and various climates and land covers. We find that: (a) ESA CCI and GLDAS have the closest values to the in situ SM on the annual scale, whereas others overestimate the SM; ERA-Interim (averaged R = 0.58) and ESA CCI (averaged R = 0.54) correlate best with the in situ data, while GLDAS performs worst. (b) Overall, the deviations of each product vary in seasons. ESA CCI and ERA-Interim products are closer to the in situ SM at seasonal scales, and AMSR-E and NCEP perform worst in December–February and June–August, respectively. (c) Except for NCEP and ERA-Interim, others can well reflect the intermonthly variation of the in situ SM. (d) Under various climates and land covers, AMSR-E products are less effective in cold climates, whereas GLDAS and NCEP products perform poorly in arid or temperate and dry climates. Moreover, the Bias and R of each SM product differ obviously under different forest types, especially the AMSR-E products. In summary, SM from ESA CCI is the best, followed by ERA-Interim product, and precipitation is an important auxiliary data for selecting high-quality SM stations and improving the accuracy of SM from GLDAS. These results can provide a reference for improving the accuracy of the above SM products.     

Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

天然水CaCO_3侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算

天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量的计算是岩溶地球化学研究中的一个重要问题，本文在指出有关文献对这一问题的处理存在严重问题的同时，提出了天然水ＣａＣＯ３侵蚀量与沉淀量计算的新方法。该方法以水溶液相对ＣＳＣＯ３饱和度的计算为基础，对ＣａＣＯ３溶解或沉淀所引起的水溶液ｐＨ值、组分的活度系数以及水溶液中各组分存在形式含量的变化统一地作了考虑，且区分开放系统与封闭系统两种不同的情况分别进行了计算。实际水样的计算结果表明，计算中若不考虑上述的种种变化，则计算结果的误差将是相当大的。     

四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率观测特征：微耀斑能量释放的证据

作为微耀斑能量释放的证据，本文扼要介绍了云南天文台“四频率太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”（１．４２，２．１３，２．８４和４．２６ＧＨｚ）１９８９年１２月－１９９３年４月的观测事例，包含低强度的毫秒尖峰辐射（ｍｓｓｐｉｋｅ），类尖峰辐射（ｓｐｉｋｅ－ｌｉｋｅ），快速脉动现象，两种新的快速精细结构──微波Ⅲ型爆和微波类斑点结构．统计了快速精细结构的寿命，在统计基础上分别以实例描述了各类现象的观测特征．     

High time resolution observations of solar radio emission at four frequencies: evidence for energy release in microflares

As evidence for energy release in microflares, high time resolution observations of solar radio emission obtained with our “synchronous observation system of solar radio radiation with high time resolution at four frequencies (1.42, 2.13, 2.84 and 4.26 GHz)” from December 1989 to April 1993 are presented in this paper. The observed events include weak ms spikes, “spike-likes”, fast pulsations as well as two kinds of newly discovered fast fine structures, i.e., microwave type III bursts and microwave patch-like structures. A statistical study of the duration of fast fine structures has been made and on its basis the various types of phenomena are illustrated with actual examples.     

云南天文台大气水汽含量的观测

简述了利用北京师范大学研制的ＩＲＡ－９３５型红外水气测量仪，对凤凰山上空垂直大气水汽积分含量Ｗ０的观测结果及精度。并且给出了Ｗ０的各种变化曲线，在旱季和雨季的Ｗ０分布。同时也给出了红外测水仪测得的数据Ｗ０与无线电探空资料计算得到的数据Ｗ０的比较相关。结果表明：凤凰山上空垂直大气积分水汽含量雨季平均为２．４９６ｃｍ，旱季平均为１．００３ｃｍ；Ｗ０与Ｗ’０的相关系数为０．９４２，测量误差小于５％。     

天然水开放与封闭系统中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀的水化学后果比较

本文以4个水样的水化学分析结果为例,对开放系统与封闭系统中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀所造成的水化学后果进行了计算和比较;在此基础上,还对天然条件下水中CaCO_3溶解或沉淀可能造成的水化学结果进行了讨论.     

真实大气望远镜条件下斑点掩模法像复原模拟实验

我们于1989—1990年对一种有效的天文高分辨率像复原方法—斑点掩模法进行了真实大气、望远镜条件下的模拟实验,得到了较好的结果。实验结果表明,取样期间大气统计特性不变和小方差条件的重要性。为满足这一条件,合适的探测器是必须的。     

洛南“秦仓沟组”——太华群南侧古韧性剪切带产物

小秦岭区域复背形南侧的“秦仓沟组”,原定为一套混合岩和混合岩化变质岩,划属太华群的上部组元.近年经研究确认为具典型韧性变形的动力学标志的古老糜棱岩带,是在左行走滑的强烈挤压条件的深层塑性变形产物,从而肯定了太华群南侧也与北侧一样,为古韧性剪切带所围限.结合实际资料提出了对太华群划分方案的意见.太华群边缘韧性剪切带的发现,对小秦岭区域地质构造发展演化的认识具重要意义,开辟了认识区域构造格局和金矿分布规律的新思路.